Appendix B. A table showing scent compounds identified from floral and nectar headspace using SPME-GC-MS.
|
Scent Compounds Biosynthetic Class |
Ret. Time |
Campsis
radicans
|
Lonicera
sempervirens
|
Foeniculum
vulgare
|
Abelia
x grandiflora
|
Hedychium
coronarium
|
Oenothera
primiveris
|
Agave
palmeri
|
|||||||||||
| (min.) |
(L.) Seem.
|
(L.)
|
Mill.
|
(André)Rehd.
|
Koenig
|
Gray
|
Engelmann
|
||||||||||||
|
|
Bignoniaceae
|
Caprifoliaceae
|
Apiaceae
|
Caprifoliaceae
|
Zingiberaceae
|
Onagraceae
|
Agavaceae
|
||||||||||||
|
|
F
|
N
|
F
|
N
|
F
|
N
|
F
|
N
|
F
|
N
|
F
|
N
|
F
|
N
|
|||||
| Total # Compounds |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
| N & S compounds |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
|
2-methyl butane nitrile|| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
|
3-methyl butane nitrile |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
|
dimethyl disulfide |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
|
2-methyl propanaldoxime |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
|
2-methyl propanaldoxime |
5.06 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
0.11 |
|
|
|
|
|
||||
|
3-methyl butyraldoxime |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2.83 |
|
|
|
|
||||
|
2-methyl butyraldoxime |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
|
2-methyl butyraldoxime |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
|
3-methyl butyraldoxime |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1.64 |
|
|
|
|
||||
|
nitro 2-methyl butane |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
|
nitro 3-methyl butane |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
|
phenylacetonitrile |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
0.06 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
|
ethyl nicotinate |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1.56 |
||||
|
indole |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
0.67 |
|
|
|
|
|
||||
|
phenyl nitro ethane |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
|
methyl anthranilate |
15.45 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
|
phenyl acetaldoxime |
|
|
|
|
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|
|
|
|
|
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|
||||
|
phenyl acetaldoxime |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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|
||||
|
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|
|||||
| Fatty Acid Derivs. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
|
3-OH-2-butanone |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3.52 |
||||
|
3-methyl butanol |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
|
2-methyl butanol |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
|
isopropyl isobutanoate |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
0.18 |
|
||||
|
isobutyl acetate |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
|
2,3 butane-diol |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
|
2,3 butane-diol |
|
|
|
|
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|
|
|
|
||||
|
ethyl crotonate |
|
|
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|
||||
|
hexanal |
|
|
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|
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|
|
|
|
||||
|
4-OH-2-pentanone |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
0.10 |
|
||||
|
diacetone alcohol |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
23.41 |
|
||||
|
ethyl-2-methyl butanoate |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
|
ethyl isovalerate |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
5.49 |
|
||||
|
1-hexanol |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1.16 |
||||
|
vinyl acetate |
7.40 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
|
ethyl-2-methyl-2-butenoate |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
|
propyl valerate |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
|
ethyl isocaproate |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
|
ethyl caproate |
9.62 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
|
ethyl-4-methyl-2-pentenoate |
9.78 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
|
ethyl heptanoate |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
0.22 |
|
||||
|
z-jasmone |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
|
jasmine lactone |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
|
methyl jasmonate |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
|
methyl epijasmonate |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
|
methyl linolelaidate |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
| Monoterpenoids |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
|
unid. monoterpene |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
|
alpha-pinene |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
|
camphene |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
|
sabinene |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
|
beta-pinene |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
|
beta-myrcene |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
|
unid. monoterpene |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
|
alpha-terpinene |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
|
p-cymene |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
|
beta-phellandrene |
10.38 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<0.01 |
||||
|
D,L-limonene |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
|
1,8 cineole |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
|
Z-beta-ocimene |
|
|
|
|
|
0.07 |
|
|
|
3.25 |
|
|
|
|
|
||||
|
E-beta-ocimene |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
34.01 |
|
|
|
||||
|
unid. monoterpene |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
|
unid. monoterpene |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
|
Z-beta-terpineol |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
0.73 |
|
|
|
||||
|
furan. lin. oxide 1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
|
furan. lin. oxide 2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
|
unid. monoterpene |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
|
linalool |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
0.31 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
|
fenchone |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
|
allo-ocimene |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
|
p-mentha-1,8-dien-9-ol |
12.08 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
|
alpha-terpineol |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
|
exo fenchyl acetate |
|
|
|
|
|
0.10 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
|
exo fenchyl acetate |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
| Putative Sorbic Esters |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
|
methyl sorbate isomer |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
|
ethyl sorbate isomer |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
|
ethyl sorbate isomer |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
|
ethyl sorbate isomer |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
|
ethyl sorbate isomer |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
|
propyl sorbate isomer |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
|
propyl sorbate isomer |
12.90 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
|
propyl sorbate isomer |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<0.01 |
|
||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
| Irregular Terpenoids |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
|
5-methyl-6-hepten-1-ol |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
|
E-4,8-dimethyl nona-1,3,7-triene |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
|
5-methyl-6-hepten-1-ol |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<0.01 |
||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
| Sesquiterpenoids |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
|
bourbonene |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
|
unident. sesquiterpene |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
|
beta-caryophyllene |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
|
alpha-bergamotene |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
|
unident. sesquiterpene |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
|
beta-farnesene |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
|
alpha-humulene |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
|
unident. Sesquiterpene |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
|
Z,E-alpha-farnesene |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
0.06 |
|
|
|
|
|
||||
|
E,E-alpha-farnesene |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2.22 |
|
|
|
|
|
||||
|
unident. sesquiterpene |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<0.01 |
|
||||
|
germacrene-D |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
|
delta-cadinene |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
|
unident. sesquiterpene |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
|
unident. sesquiterpene |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
|
unident. sesquiterpene |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
|
unident. sesquiterpene |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
|
unident. sesquiterpene |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
|
caryophyllene oxide |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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|
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|
||||
|
|
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|
|||||
| Aromatic Compounds |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
|
anisol |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
|
benzaldehyde |
|
|
|
|
|
0.03 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
|
benzyl alcohol |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
|
phenylacetaldehyde |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
|
methyl benzoate |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
|
2-phenyl ethanol |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
|
benzyl acetate |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
|
methyl chavicol |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
|
methyl salicylate |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
|
benzyl propionate |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
|
anethole |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
|
benzyl butyrate |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
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eugenol |
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benzyl pentanoate |
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benzyl isopentanoate |
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amyl benzoate |
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isoeugenol |
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methyl eugenol |
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benzyl tiglate |
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Z-3-hexenyl benzoate |
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108, [91], 71, 65, 43 ¶ |
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benzyl benzoate |
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phenethyl benzoate |
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| Unknown compounds |
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69, 68, [41] |
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85, 57, [43] |
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85, 69, 57, 45, [43], 41 |
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97, 81, 67, [55], 53, 42 |
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96, [95], 72, 67, 45, 41 |
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[81], 80, 57, 43, 41 |
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[81], 80, 57, 43, 41 |
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Retention times on DB5 column, injection temp 50ºC (held 2 min), increased 10ºC/min to 275ºC, held for 7 min.
F = relative percentage of emissions from floral tissues; N = relative percentage of emissions from nectar sample.
§ ND = not detected.
|| Bold compound name indicates positive identification through co-retention with known standards on DB5 & DB wax columns.
¶ Mass spectra given in decreasing order of ion mass, with most abundant ion (base peak) in brackets.