Ecological Archives E086-026-A2

Evan L. Preisser, Daniel I. Bolnick, and Michael F. Benard. 2005. Scared to death? The effects of intimidation and consumption in predator–prey interactions. Ecology 86:501–509.

Appendix B. Full reference information for all papers used in this meta-analysis.

Literature cited in Appendix A: Beckerman et al. (1997) , Blaustein (1997) , Brodin and Johansson (2002) , Crowder et al. (1997) , Dahl (1998) , Diehl et al. (2000) , Eitam et al. (2002) , Eklov and Van Kooten (2001) , Feltmate and Williams (1989) , Flach and de Bruin (1994) , Forrester (1994) , Fraser and Gilliam (1992) , Grabowski (2004) , Hansson (2000) , Hurd and Eisenberg (1984) , Kelly et al. (2002) , Kratz (1996) , Lancaster (1990) , Losey and Denno (1998a), Losey and Denno (1998b) , McIntosh and Townsend (1996) , Moran and Hurd (1994) , Nelson et al.(2004) , Pierce (1988) , Rahel and Stein (1988) , Relyea (2002), Relyea and Yurewicz (2002) , Roitberg et al. (1979) , Rudgers et al. (2003) , Schmitz (1998) , Schmitz et al. (1997) , Scrimgeour and Culp (1994) , Scrimgeour et al. (1991) , Snyder and Wise (2000) , Soluk and Collins (1988) , Stamp and Bowers (1988), Stamp and Bowers (1991) , Stamp and Bowers (1993) , Stav et al. (2000) , Stelzer and Lamberti (1999) , Stoks et al. (1999) , Tamaki et al. (1970) , Turner and Mittelbach (1990) , Weissberger (1999) , Winkelman and Aho (1993) , Wissinger et al. (1999), and Woodward and Hildrew (2002).

Beckerman, A., M. Uriarte, and O. Schmitz. 1997. Experimental evidence for a behavior-mediated trophic cascade in a terrestrial food chain. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 94:10735–10738.

Blaustein, L. 1997. Non-consumptive effects of larval Salamandra on crustacean prey: can eggs detect predators? Oecologia 110:212–217.

Brodin, T., and F. Johansson. 2002. Effects of predator-induced thinning and activity changes on life history in a damselfly. Oecologia 132:316–322.

Crowder, L., D. Squires, and J. Rice. 1997. Non-additive effects of terrestrial and aquatic predators on juvenile estuarine fish. Ecology 78:1796–1804.

Dahl, J. 1998. Effects of a benthivorous and a drift-feeding fish on a benthic stream assemblage. Oecologia 116:426–432.

Diehl, S., S. Cooper, K. Kratz, R. Nisbet, S. Roll, S. Wiseman, and T. Jenkins. 2000. Effects of multiple, predator-induced behaviors on short-term producer-grazer dynamics in open systems. American Naturalist 156:293–313.

Eitam, A., L. Blaustein, and M. Mangel. 2002. Effects of Anisops sardea (Hemiptera: Notonectidae) on oviposition habitat selection by mosquitoes and other dipterans and on community structure in artificial pools. Hydrobiologia 485:183–189.

Eklov, P., and T. Van Kooten. 2001. Facilitation among piscivorous predators: effects of prey habitat use. Ecology 82:2486–2494.

Feltmate, B., and D. Williams. 1989. Influence of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) on density and feeding behavior of a perlid stonefly. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 46:1575–1580.

Flach, E., and W. de Bruin. 1994. Does the activity of cockles, Cerastoderma edule (L.) and lugworms, Arenicola marina L., make Corophium volutator Pallas more vulnerable to epibenthic predators: a case of interaction modification? Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 182:265–285.

Forrester, G. 1994. Influences of predatory fish on the drift, dispersal, and local density of stream insects. Ecology 75:1208–1218.

Fraser, D., and J. Gilliam. 1992. Nonlethal impacts of predator invasion: facultative suppression of growth and reproduction. Ecology 73:959–970.

Grabowski, J. 2004. Habitat complexity disrupts predator–prey interactions but not the trophic cascade in oyster-reef communities. Ecology 85:995–1004.

Hansson, L. 2000. Synergistic effects of food chain dynamics and induced behavioral responses in aquatic ecosystems. Ecology 81:842–851.

Hurd, L., and R. Eisenberg. 1984. Experimental density manipulations of the predator Tenodera sinensis (Orthoptera: Mantidae) in an old-field community. I. Mortality, development and dispersal of juvenile mantids. Journal of Animal Ecology 53:269–281.

Kelly, D., J. Dick, and W. Mongomery. 2002. Predation on mayfly nymph, Baetis rhodani, by native and introduced Gammarus: direct effects and the facilitation of predation by salmonids. Freshwater Biology 47:1257–1268.

Kratz, K. 1996. Effects of stoneflies on local prey populations: mechanisms of impact across prey density. Ecology 77:1573–1585.

Lancaster, J. 1990. Predation and drift of lotic macroinvertebrates during colonization. Oecologia 85:48–56.

Losey, J., and R. Denno. 1998a. Interspecific variation in the escape responses of aphids: effect on risk of predation from foliar-foraging and ground-foraging predators. Oecologia 115:245–252.

Losey, J., and R. Denno. 1998b. Positive predator–predator interactions: enhanced predation rates and synergistic suppression of aphid populations. Ecology 79:2143–2152.

McIntosh, A., and C. Townsend. 1996. Interactions between fish, grazing invertebrates and algae in a New Zealand stream: a trophic cascade mediated by fish-induced changes to grazer behaviour? Oecologia 108:174–181.

Moran, M., and L. Hurd. 1994. Short-term responses to elevated predator densities: noncompetitive intraguild interactions and behaviour. Oecologia 98:269–273.

Nelson, E., C. Matthews, and J. Rosenheim. 2004. Predators reduce prey population growth by inducing changes in prey behavior. Ecology 85:1853–1858.

Pierce, C. 1988. Predator avoidance, microhabitat shift, and risk-sensitive foraging in larval dragonflies. Oecologia 77:81–90.

Rahel, F., and R. Stein. 1988. Complex predator-prey interactions and predator intimidation among crayfish, piscivorous fish, and small benthic fish. Oecologia 75:94–98.

Relyea, R., and K. Yurewicz. 2002. Predicting community outcomes from pairwise interactions: integrating density- and trait-mediated effects. Oecologia 131:569–579.

Relyea, R. A. 2002. The many faces of predation: how induction, selection, and thinning combine to alter prey phenotypes. Ecology 83:1953–1964.

Roitberg, B., J. Myers, and B. Frazer. 1979. The influence of predators on the movement of apterous pea aphids between plants. Journal of Animal Ecology 48:111–122.

Rudgers, J., J. Hodgen, and J. White. 2003. Behavioral mechanisms underlie an ant-plant mutualism. Oecologia 135:51–59.

Schmitz, O. 1998. Direct and indirect effects of predation and predation risk in old-field interaction webs. American Naturalist 151:327–342.

Schmitz, O., A. Beckerman, and K. O'Brien. 1997. Behaviorally-mediated trophic cascades: effects of predation risk on food web interactions. Ecology 78:1388–1399.

Scrimgeour, G., and J. Culp. 1994. Foraging and evading predators: the effect of predator species on a behavioural trade-off by a lotic mayfly. Oikos 69:71–79.

Scrimgeour, G., J. Culp, M. Bothwell, F. Wrona, and M. McKee. 1991. Mechanisms of algal patch depletion: importance of consumptive and non-consumptive losses in mayfly-diatom systems. Oecologia 85:343–348.

Snyder, W., and D. Wise. 2000. Antipredator behavior of spotted cucumber beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) in response to predators that pose varying risks. Environmental Entomology 29:35–42.

Soluk, D., and N. Collins. 1988. Synergistic interactions between fish and stoneflies: facilitation and interference among stream predators. Oikos 52:94–100.

Stamp, N., and M. Bowers. 1988. Direct and indirect effects of predatory wasps (Polistes sp.: Vespidae) on gregarious caterpillars (Hemileuca lucina: Saturniidae). Oecologia 75:619–624.

Stamp, N., and M. Bowers. 1991. Indirect effect on survivorship of caterpillars due to presence of invertebrate predators. Oecologia 88:325–330.

Stamp, N., and M. Bowers. 1993. Presence of predatory wasps and stinkbugs alters foraging behavior of cryptic and non-cryptic caterpillars on plantain (Plantago lanceolota). Oecologia 95:376–384.

Stav, G., L. Blaustein, and Y. Margalit. 2000. Influence of nymphal Anax imperator (Odonata: Aeshnidae) on oviposition by the mosquito Culiseta longiareolata (Diptera: Culicidae) and community structure in temporary pools. Journal of Vector Ecology 25:190–202.

Stelzer, R. S., and G. Lamberti. 1999. Independent and interactive effects of crayfish and darters on a stream benthic community. Journal of the North American Benthological Society 18:524–532.

Stoks, R., M. De Block, H. Van Gossum, F. Valck, K. Lauwers, R. Verhagen, E. Matthysen, and L. De Bruyn. 1999. Lethal and sublethal costs of autotomy and predator presence in damselfly larvae. Oecologia 120:87–91.

Tamaki, G., J. Halfhill, and D. Hathaway. 1970. Dispersal and reduction of colonies of pea aphids by Aphidius smithi (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America 63:973–980.

Turner, A., and G. Mittelbach. 1990. Predator avoidance and community structure: interactions among piscivores, planktivores, and plankton. Ecology 71:2241–2254.

Weissberger, E. 1999. Additive interactions between the moon snail Euspira heros and the sea star Asterias forbesi, two predators of the surfclam Spisula solidissima. Oecologia 119:461–466.

Winkelman, D., and J. Aho. 1993. Direct and indirect effects of predation on mosquitofish behavior and survival. Oecologia 96:300–303.

Wissinger, S., H. Whiteman, G. Sparks, G. Rouse, and W. Brown. 1999. Foraging trade-offs along a predator-permanence gradient in subalpine wetlands. Ecology 80:2102–2116.

Woodward, G., and A. G. Hildrew. 2002. The impact of a sit-and-wait predator: Separating consumption and prey emigration. Oikos 99:409–418.



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