Appendix A (Table A1). Some of the structural equation models possible for each dependent variable: (A) causal models with spatial implicit effect and (B) causal models with spatial explicit effects.
| A) With spatial implicit effects |
B) With spatial explicit effects |
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| Beetle density | |
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Model 1 |
Model 1 |
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Model 2 (M1 Aspect) |
Model 2 (M1 Aspect) |
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Model 3 (M2 Isolation) |
Model 3 (M2 Area) |
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Model 4 (M3 Plant density) |
Model 4 (M3 Plant density) |
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Model 5 (M4 Altitude to plant size) |
Model 5 (M4 Space2) |
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Model 6 (M5 Area) |
Model 6 (M5 Isolation) |
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| Sex ratio | ||||||||
Model 1 |
Model 1 |
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Model 2 (M1 Aspect) |
Model 2 (M1 Plant density) |
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Model 3 (M2 Isolation) |
Model 3 (M2 Altitude to plant size) |
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Model 4 (M3 Plant density) |
Model 4 (M3 Aspect) |
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Model 5 (M4 River) |
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| Extinction | ||||||||
Model 1 |
Model 1 |
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Model 2 (M1 Aspect) |
Model 2 (M1 Aspect) |
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Model 3 (M2 River) |
Model 3 (M2 Area) |
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Model 4 (M3 Area) |
Model 4 (M3 Area) |
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Model 5 (M4 Plant size) |
Model 5 (M4 Altitude) |
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Model 6 (M5 Plant density) |
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Notes: Basic models (M1) are the most inclusive (see Fig. 2 in main article). The nested models are simplified ones ("" indicates the previous model minus the variable or the path between two variables). Boldfaced models indicate the selected causal model for each dependent variable. Values of the
, P, and df obtained from the d-sep tests are provided for each causal model.