Jon D. Witman, Margarita Brandt, and Franz Smith. 2010. Coupling between subtidal prey and consumers along a mesoscale upwelling gradient in the Galápagos Islands. Ecological Monographs 80:153–177.

Appendix J. Photo quadrat area of rock wall community at 15 m depth at Rocas Gordon, January 2003, illustrating effects of fish predation on Megabalanus peninsularis barnacles.

Photo quadrat (0.25 m2) area of rock wall community at 15 m depth at Rocas Gordon, January 2003, illustrating effects of fish predation on Megabalanus peninsularis barnacles (white crushed tests, 11 visible). Hogfish, Bodianus diplotaenia, (Fig. 2.D) were observed feeding on 3 of the barnacles in the center (J. Witman, unpublished observations). Spines of a pencil urchin, Eucidaris galapagensis are visible in the dark bio-eroded hole at the right side of the quadrat. Centimeter scales are shown on the ruler at right and on transect tape across the top of the quadrat. Photo quadrats like these were used to quantify the percent cover of adult barnacles (as in Fig. 4).