Ecological Archives A012-013-A1

Jill Thompson, Nicholas Brokaw, Jess K. Zimmerman, Robert B. Waide, Edwin M. Everham III, D. Jean Lodge, Charlotte M. Taylor, Diana García-Monteil, and Marcheterre Fluet. 2002. Land use history, environment, and tree composition in a tropical forest. Ecological Applications 12:1344-1363.

Appendix A. Density (stems >= 10 cm D130) and basal area (m2) ha-1 of all tree species in each of the cover classes of the 16-ha Luquillo Forest Dynamics Plot (LFDP), at El Verde, Puerto Rico, at the time of Hurricane Hugo.

 

Family and species

 

Typical mature height

LFDP,

16.0 ha

Cover class 1,

1.16 ha

Cover class 2,

3.96 ha

Cover class 3,

5.64 ha

Cover class 4

5.24 ha

 

 

No. stems per ha

Basal area

(m2)

No. stems per ha

Basal area

(m2)

No. stems per ha

Basal area

(m2)

No. stems per ha

Basal area

(m2)

No. stems per ha

Basal area

(m2)

ANACARDIACEAE†

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Mangifera indica L.†

M-L

0.2

0.062

 

 

0.3

0.075

 

 

0.2

0.088

ANNONACEAE

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Guatteria caribaea Urb.

M

2.9

0.075

 

 

3.0

0.056

4.3

0.115

2.1

0.064

Oxandra laurifolia (Sw.) A. Rich.

Sm

0.3

0.010

 

 

 

 

 

 

0.8

0.029

ARALIACEAE

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Dendropanax arboreus (L.) Decne. & Planch.

M

2.9

0.093

 

 

4.3

0.150

0.5

0.009

5.2

0.161

Schefflera morototoni (Aubl.) Maguire, Steyerm. & Frodin

M

12.8

0.726

28.4

2.079

13.6

0.676

14.5

0.866

6.7

0.315

ARECACEAE

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Prestoea acuminata (Willd.) H.E. Moore

Sm-M

266.6

4.892

351.7

6.444

350.5

6.699

275.9

4.939

174.2

3.130

Roystonea borinquena‡ O.F. Cook

M

3.1

0.368

6.0

0.797

3.0

0.360

5.1

0.608

0.4

0.020

BIGNONIACEAE

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Tabebuia heterophylla (DC.) Britton

Sm-M

21.1

1.031

13.8

1.744

28.0

1.325

29.1

1.386

9.0

0.269

BORAGINACEAE

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Cordia borinquensis Urb.‡

Sm

0.7

0.009

 

 

0.3

0.002

0.7

0.006

1.1

0.021

Cordia sulcata DC.

M

9.3

0.230

12.1

0.389

12.6

0.317

8.3

0.172

7.1

0.192

BURSERACEAE

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Dacryodes excelsa Vahl

L

64.8

4.587

2.6

0.041

37.4

1.965

30.9

1.835

135.9

10.535

Tetragastris balsamifera (Sw.) Kuntze

L

7.8

0.275

 

 

1.8

0.067

6.9

0.215

15.1

0.558

CECROPIACEAE

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Cecropia schreberiana Miq.

M

8.3

0.553

17.2

1.448

9.3

0.478

8.3

0.605

5.3

0.356

CELASTRACEAE

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Maytenus elongata (Urb.) Britton

Sm

0.1

0.001

 

 

 

 

 

 

0.2

0.003

CHRYSOBALANACEAE

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Hirtella rugosa Pers.‡

Sm

0.8

0.009

 

 

0.5

0.006

0.4

0.003

1.7

0.019

CLUSIACEAE

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Calophyllum calaba L.†

M

3.8

0.186

44.0

2.382

 

 

1.8

0.039

 

 

Clusia clusiodes (Griseb.) D'Arcy

M

0.2

0.006

 

 

0.5

0.020

 

 

0.2

0.002

Clusia rosea Jacq.

M

0.5

0.050

 

 

1.3

0.086

0.5

0.082

 

 

COMBRETACEAE

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Buchenavia tetraphylla (Aubl.)

L

11.8

2.931

6.0

0.977

9.1

2.584

13.7

4.055

13.2

2.417

CYATHEACEAE

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Cyathea arborea (L.) J. E. Sm.

Sm

0.3

0.003

 

 

0.8

0.010

 

 

0.2

0.002

CYRILLACEAE

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Cyrilla racemiflora L.

M-L

1.5

0.102

 

 

1.3

0.083

0.2

0.004

3.4

0.244

ELAEOCARPACEAE

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Sloanea berteriana Choisy

L

33.2

1.252

1.7

0.066

9.3

0.420

16.5

0.639

76.1

2.803

EUPHORBIACEAE

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Alchornea latifolia Sw.

M

13.0

0.723

16.4

1.246

15.2

0.674

13.1

0.775

10.5

0.589

Alchorneopsis floribunda (Benth.) Muell. Arg.

Sm-M

5.7

0.384

0.9

0.037

3.5

0.221

0.9

0.061

13.5

0.932

Croton poecilanthus Urb.§

Sm-M

8.2

0.246

 

 

3.5

0.130

0.2

0.004

22.1

0.649

Drypetes glauca Vahl

Sm

10.5

0.234

 

 

9.8

0.252

2.7

0.043

21.8

0.476

Margaritaria nobilis L.

M

1.0

0.110

 

 

0.3

0.004

2.3

0.265

0.4

0.048

Sapium laurocerasus Desf.‡

Sm-M

9.9

0.545

7.8

0.415

12.1

0.712

6.4

0.255

12.4

0.761

FABACEAE

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Mimosoideae

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Inga laurina (Sw.) Willd. ex L.

L-M

35.3

2.459

31.9

3.570

48.2

2.701

39.0

2.999

22.5

1.448

Inga vera Willd. ex L.

L-M

4.0

0.211

5.2

0.355

3.5

0.218

2.7

0.089

5.5

0.306

Inga sp. (I. laurina or I. vera)

 

0.8

0.086

 

 

0.8

0.111

0.2

0.032

1.5

0.145

Papilionoideae

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Andira inermis (W. Wright) DC. (HBK)

M-L

4.5

0.150

3.4

0.157

6.6

0.232

2.7

0.057

5.2

0.185

Lonchocarpus latifolius (Willd.) DC.

Sm-L

0.3

0.026

 

 

1.0

0.106

 

 

 

 

Ormosia krugii Urb.

M

7.6

0.390

 

 

4.5

0.298

11.3

0.639

7.4

0.278

Pterocarpus officinalis Jacq.

L

0.4

0.039

 

 

 

 

1.1

0.111

 

 

FLACOURTIACEAE

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Casearia arborea (Rich.) Urb.

Sm-M

69.4

1.728

49.1

1.758

50.5

1.237

140.1

3.391

11.8

0.304

Casearia sylvestris Sw.

Sm-M

14.4

0.192

34.5

0.434

20.5

0.262

15.1

0.198

4.8

0.079

Homalium racemosum Jacq.

L

11.6

1.078

2.6

0.131

27.5

2.127

7.3

0.640

6.1

0.968

Laetia procera (Poepp. & Endl.) Eichler

M

3.4

0.174

0.9

0.017

2.0

0.114

5.0

0.274

3.2

0.147

LAURACEAE

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Beilschmiedia pendula (Sw.) Hemsl.

M-L

0.1

0.002

 

 

 

 

 

 

0.2

0.004

Nectandra antillana Meisn.

M

0.1

0.003

 

 

0.3

0.003

 

 

0.2

0.007

Nectandra turbacensis (Nees) Mez

M

4.1

0.322

2.6

0.188

7.8

0.640

3.4

0.201

2.5

0.242

Ocotea floribunda (Sw.) Mez

M

0.3

0.015

 

 

0.3

0.012

0.5

0.034

 

 

Ocotea leucoxylon (Sw.) Laness.

Sm-M

10.9

0.333

14.7

0.832

14.6

0.429

15.1

0.405

2.9

0.071

Ocotea moschata (Meisn) Mez‡

L

1.0

0.069

 

 

1.3

0.058

0.4

0.005

1.7

0.160

Ocotea portoricensis Mez‡

M

0.1

0.001

 

 

 

 

0.4

0.004

 

 

MAGNOLIACEAE

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Magnolia splendens Urb.§

L

0.1

0.002

 

 

 

 

 

 

0.2

0.005

MALPIGHIACEAE

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Byrsonima spicata (Cav.) HBK

Sm-M

9.8

1.033

9.5

1.560

0.8

0.052

22.5

2.373

2.9

0.214

Byrsonima wadsworthii Little‡

Sm-M

0.8

0.021

 

 

0.5

0.006

 

 

2.1

0.059

MALVACEAE

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Hibiscus pernambucensis Arruda†

Sm

0.3

0.004

3.4

0.056

 

 

 

 

 

 

MELASTOMATACEAE

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Calycogonium squamulosum Cogn.‡

M

0.6

0.011

 

 

 

 

 

 

1.7

0.032

Henriettea fascicularis (Sw.) M. Gómez

Sm-M

0.1

0.001

 

 

 

 

 

 

0.2

0.004

Miconia tetrandra (Sw.) D. Don

Sm-M

7.4

0.327

 

 

9.1

0.423

8.3

0.405

6.7

0.244

MELIACEAE

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Guarea glabra Vahl

L

0.5

0.013

 

 

0.3

0.002

0.2

0.001

1.1

0.038

Guarea guidonia (L.) Sleumer

L

19.3

2.071

53.4

6.766

15.9

1.242

11.9

1.336

22.1

2.450

Swietenia macrophylla King†

M-L

0.1

0.006

 

 

 

 

 

 

0.4

0.018

Trichilia pallida Sw.

Sh-Sm

2.7

0.047

 

 

6.3

0.069

0.5

0.006

2.9

0.086

MORACEAE

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Artocarpus altilis (Parkinson) Fosberg†

M

0.1

0.010

 

 

0.3

0.042

 

 

 

 

Ficus crassinervia Desf.

M-L

3.9

0.872

5.2

1.611

5.1

0.396

4.4

1.200

2.3

0.716

Ficus americana Aubl.

M-L

0.8

0.147

0.9

0.092

1.0

0.205

1.1

0.136

0.4

0.126

Pseudolmedia spuria (Sw.) Griseb.

M

0.8

0.032

 

 

 

 

0.5

0.021

1.7

0.076

MYRSINACEAE

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Ardisia obovata Ham.

Sm

0.1

0.001

 

 

 

 

 

 

0.2

0.002

MYRTACEAE

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Eugenia domingensis Berg

M

0.4

0.017

 

 

0.3

0.013

 

 

1.1

0.043

Eugenia stahlii (Kiaersk.) Krug & Urb.‡

M

2.5

0.058

 

 

4.8

0.092

1.2

0.034

2.7

0.070

Myrcia deflexa (Poir.) DC.

M

0.8

0.012

 

 

1.0

0.010

1.2

0.025

0.2

0.002

Myrcia leptoclada DC.

Sm

0.6

0.010

 

 

0.8

0.014

0.2

0.004

1.1

0.016

Myrcia splendens (Sw.) DC.

Sh-Sm

5.4

0.122

8.6

0.230

7.8

0.174

6.9

0.163

1.1

0.015

Syzygium jambos (L.) Alston†

Sm

1.3

0.043

 

 

1.8

0.065

2.1

0.046

0.4

0.032

NYCTAGINACEAE

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Pisonia subcordata Sw.

L

0.1

0.033

 

 

 

 

 

 

0.2

0.100

OLEACEAE

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Chionanthus domingensis Lam.

M

11.8

0.659

 

 

13.4

0.837

10.8

0.585

14.1

0.723

POLYGONACEAE

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Coccoloba diversifolia Jacq.

Sm

2.3

0.094

0.9

0.095

6.6

0.132

0.9

0.036

1.0

0.129

Coccoloba swartzii Meisn.

M

0.1

0.000

 

 

 

 

 

 

0.2

0.001

RHIZOPHORACEAE

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Cassipourea guianensis Aubl.

Sh-Sm

0.2

0.002

 

 

 

 

 

 

0.6

0.005

RUBIACEAE

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Antirhea obtusifolia Urb.

Sh-M

0.2

0.002

 

 

0.5

0.008

 

 

0.2

0.008

Chione venosa (Sw.) Urb.

Sm-M

0.3

0.022

 

 

0.3

0.003

 

 

0.6

0.064

Faramea occidentalis (L.) A. Rich.

Sh-Sm

0.2

0.003

 

 

 

 

0.5

0.010

 

 

Genipa americana L. [natural and planted]

L

0.3

0.023

2.6

0.292

 

 

0.4

0.004

 

 

Guettarda valenzuelana A. Rich.

Sm-M

7.2

0.219

 

 

13.1

0.392

2.0

0.042

9.9

0.326

Ixora ferrea (Jacq.) Benth.

Sh-Sm

0.4

0.004

 

 

0.5

0.004

 

 

1.0

0.009

Rondeletia portoricensis Krug & Urb.‡

Sm-M

0.2

0.005

 

 

0.3

0.003

 

 

0.4

0.013

RUTACEAE

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Zanthoxylum martinicense (Lam.) DC.

M-L

1.7

0.170

0.9

0.042

1.5

0.101

3.4

0.374

0.2

0.023

SABIACEAE

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Meliosma herbertii Rolfe

M

0.4

0.008

 

 

0.3

0.017

0.7

0.009

0.2

0.003

SAPINDACEAE

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Cupania americana L.

L

0.1

0.001

 

 

 

 

0.2

0.002

 

 

Matayba domingensis (DC.) Radlk.

M

16.7

0.928

1.7

0.048

14.6

0.917

5.5

0.386

33.6

1.717

SAPOTACEAE

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Manilkara bidentata (A. DC.) A. Chev.

L

43.3

2.190

 

 

19.9

1.341

29.8

1.758

84.9

3.780

Micropholis guyanensis (A. DC.) Pierre

M

0.3

0.008

 

 

 

 

 

 

0.8

0.024

Micropholis garciniifolia Pierre§

M

0.8

0.025

 

 

0.5

0.017

 

 

2.1

0.065

STERCULIACEAE

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Guazuma ulmifolia Lam.

Sm-M

0.1

0.016

 

 

 

 

0.4

0.044

 

 

SYMPLOCACEAE

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Symplocos martinicensis Jacq.

Sm-M

0.1

0.001

 

 

 

 

0.4

0.004

 

 

THEACEAE

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Ternstroemia luquillensis Krug & Urb.§

Sm-M

0.1

0.001

 

 

 

 

 

 

0.2

0.002

Dead

 

9.1

0.451

6.0

0.203

11.1

0.757

7.6

0.293

9.9

0.444

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Total

 

822.9

36.700

746.6

36.504

858.8

33.926

810.6

35.356

826.0

40.646

   Notes: Data are presented for the whole plot and sections of the LFDP corresponding to different percent canopy cover (cover class) in 1936 as determined from a contemporary aerial photograph. Cover classes 1, 2, and 3 (10-20%, 20-50%, and 50-80% cover respectively in 1936) had been clearcut or heavily logged, and farmed or locally planted with tree crops while class 4 (80-100 % cover in 1936) had been lightly selectively logged before 1936. Average mature height: L = large (> 21 m), M = medium (9-21 m), Sm = small (4.5-9 m), Sh = shrub (< 4.5 m; Little and Woodbury 1976, Little and Wadsworth 1964, Little et al. 1974).
   †Exotic in Luquillo Mountains.
   ‡Endemic to Puerto Rico.
   §Endemic to Luquillo Mountains (Little and Woodbury 1976).

Literature cited

Little, E. L., Jr., and F. H. Wadsworth. 1964. Common trees of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands. Agriculture Handbook No. 249, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Washington, D.C., USA.

Little, E. L., Jr., and R. O. Woodbury. 1976. Trees of the Caribbean National Forest, Puerto Rico. Forest Service Research Paper, ITF-20, International Institute of Tropical Forestry, Rio Piedras, Puerto Rico.

Little, E. L., Jr., R. O. Woodbury, and F. H. Wadsworth. 1974. Trees of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands. Second volume. Agriculture Handbook No. 449, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Washington, D.C., USA.


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