Wayne E. Thogmartin, John R. Sauer, and Melinda G. Knutson. 2004. A hierarchical spatial model of avian abundance with application to Cerulean Warblers. Ecological Applications 14:1766–1779.

Appendix B. Point counts from 17 locations within Bird Conservation Region 23, the prairie-hardwood transition, used in validation of abundance models. Point counts are available from the National Point Count Database^†.

Name	Location	Years
Crane Meadows National Wildlife Refuge	Central Minnesota	1996–1997
Custer Reserve Forces Training Area	Southern Michigan	1997–1999
Fergus Falls Wetland Management District	West-central Minnesota	1998–2000
Fox River National Wildlife Refuge	Central Wisconsin	1996–1997
Hamden Slough National Wildlife Refuge	West-central Minnesota	1994–1996
Horicon National Wildlife Refuge	Southeast Wisconsin	1995–1997
Leopold Wetland Management District	Southern Wisconsin	1995–1997
Litchfield Wetland Management District	Central Minnesota	1994–1997, 2001
Minnesota Valley National Wildlife Refuge	Southeast Minnesota	1994
Mississippi National River and Recreation Area	Wisconsin / Minnesota border	1992–1997
Necedah National Wildlife Refuge	Central Wisconsin	1997–1999
Rydell National Wildlife Refuge	Northwest Minnesota	1997
St. Croix Wetland Management District	Northwestern Wisconsin	1997–1999
Sherburne National Wildlife Refuge	Central Minnesota	1994–2001
Upper Mississippi River National Wildlife and Fish Refuge	Iowa / Wisconsin / Minnesota border	1994–2001
Minnesota Department of Natural Resources and the Natural Resources Research Institute	Southeast Minnesota	1995–2001
Norris	Northeast Iowa	1995–1996

^†URL: <http://www.mp2-pwrc.usgs.gov/point/index.htm>