Cindy M. Hale, Lee E. Frelich, and Peter B. Reich. 2005. Exotic European earthworm invasion dynamics in northern hardwood forests of Minnesota, USA. Ecological Applications 15:848–860.

Appendix C (Table C1).Climate data for study sites from the State Climatology Working Group (http://climate.umn.edu).

Cass County Data
	Precipitation (cm)
Year	Annual	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep
1998	73.12	10.59	14.61	10.54	3.61	7.57
1999	80.26	17.34	9.65	16.69	13.26	9.40
2000	72.87	8.10	10.90	7.26	12.37	4.98
2001	68.14	9.63	8.89	5.84	7.26	4.34
30-year mean:	66.04	6.99	8.89	10.80	8.89	6.99
Leech Lake Dam station data
	Precipitation (cm)
Year	Annual	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep
1998	70.26	10.92	19.48	10.03	5.26	5.44
1999	84.28	12.83	13.87	19.15	16.05	7.90
2000	71.12	7.06	11.43	6.66	17.48	6.22
2001	60.71	9.70	8.89	6.76	6.12	4.90
To date mean†	64.47	7.70	10.03	9.96	9.04	6.91
	Evapotranspiration‡ (cm)
Year	Annual	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep
1998	64.75	9.55	10.01	13.31	13.01	9.45
1999	59.82	7.19	10.80	14.33	12.09	7.54
2000	59.28	8.18	9.60	13.21	12.42	7.34
2001	62.05	8.38	11.07	13.77	13.64	7.75
To date mean†	58.32	7.24	10.57	13.08	11.84	7.80
	Seasonal moisture deficit§ (cm)
Year	Annual	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep
1998	11.94	1.37	9.47	-3.28	-7.75	-4.01
1999	24.46	5.64	3.07	4.83	3.96	0.36
2000	11.84	-1.12	1.83	-6.55	5.06	-1.12
2001	-1.35	1.32	-2.18	-7.01	-7.52	-2.85
To date mean†	5.39	-0.89	-1.04	-2.26	-2.34	-0.86

^† Nearly continuous data since 1898.

^‡Blaney/Criddle potential evapotranspiration.

^§Seasonal moisture deficit (SMD) = precipitation – Blaney/Criddle ET.