James D. Nichols, James E. Hines, Jean-Dominique Lebreton, and Roger Pradel. 2000. Estimation of contributions to population growth: a reverse-time capture-recapture approach. Ecology 81:3362-3376.

Appendix C. Estimates of population change for both adults ( ) and adults + young ( ), and relative contributions to adult population growth of adult survival , fecundity and young survival , and immigration from outside the study area for meadow voles trapped at Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, Laurel, Maryland, June - December, 1981.

		<View program output>		<View SURVIV output>
Trapping period	Date*	+	+
1	6-29-81	1.24 (0.039)	1.20 (0.052)	- -	- -	- -
2	8-03-81	0.81 (0.036)	0.80 (0.045)	0.68 (0.042)	0.11 (0.051)	0.22 (0.058)
3	8-31-81	0.97 (0.041)	1.24 (0.066)	0.74 (0.045)	0.03 (0.025)	0.23 (0.047)
4	10-05-81	0.97 (0.030)	1.00 (0.048)	0.74 (0.046)	0.02 (0.018)	0.25 (0.047)
5	11-02-81	1.51 (0.041)	1.13 (0.044)	0.60 (0.049)	0.25 (0.056)	0.15 (0.052)
6	12-06-81	- -	- -	0.62 (0.040)	0.22 (0.044)	0.16 (0.041)

*Mid-point of 5-day trapping period.

⁺Estimated as ratios of Lincoln - Petersen abundance estimates.

⁺⁺Estimated using reverse capture-recapture with multistate models under the robust design.