Ecological Archives E082-006-A1

Ji X. He and Donald J. Stewart. 2001. Age and size at first reproduction of fishes: predictive models based only on growth trajectories. Ecology 82: 784-792.

Appendix. Data for 85 fish species with 235 populations or sexual groups used to develop our model for the relations between growth and maturity.  If males and females were reported separately, the data are coded as "m" and "f", respectively.  If growth parameters apply to both males and females, but reproduction parameters are for females only, the data are coded as "b".   Linf is the asymptotic body length when age is infinity, Lr is the body length at which 50% of individuals attain their first reproduction, K is the von Bertalanffy growth coefficient, Tr is the age when 50% of individuals attain their first reproduction, t0  is a von Bertalanffy coefficient with the dimension of time.

Source, * Fish   Panel in Linf Lr K Tr t0
by authors
 species
 Sex
 Fig. 3
 (cm)
 (cm)
 yr-1
 yr
yr
43 Squalus acanthias f a 129.1 94.0 0.034 31.0 -7.30
    f a 125.1 93.7 0.031 34.0 -10.60
    m a 84.7 72.1 0.092 17.0 -3.70
    m a 96.1 72.6 0.067 16.0 -5.00
75 Squalus acanthias f a 114.9 94.1 0.044 35.5 -3.56
63 Squalus acanthias f a 100.5 79.7 0.106 12.0 -2.90
    m a 82.5 59.5 0.148 6.0 -2.67
14 Galeocerdo cuvieri b a 440.0 322.6 0.107 10.0 -2.35
    b a 388.0 315.7 0.184 8.0 -1.13
11 Sphyrna lewini b a 329.0 235.3 0.073 15.0 -2.20
  Carcharhinus falciformis b a 290.5 229.5 0.153 8.0 -2.20
12 Rhizoprionodon terraenovae b a 108.0 90.0 0.359 4.0 -0.99
13 Carcharhinus limbatus b a 176.0 157.4 0.274 7.0 -1.20
    b a 214.0 181.8 0.212 7.0 -1.94
46 Triakis semifasciata f a 160.2 97.0 0.073 10.0 -2.74
    m a 149.9 82.8 0.089 7.0 -2.03
66 Sphyrna tiburo f a 115.0 90.1 0.340 3.4 -1.10
    f a 103.3 83.0 0.370 3.8 -0.60
16 Carcharhinus plumbeus f a 299.0 146.9 0.040 12.0 -4.90
    m a 257.0 150.1 0.050 13.0 -4.50
73 Hippoglossoides platessoides b f 80.2 40.4 0.076 10.6 1.35
    b f 65.9 42.3 0.084 14.0 1.78
    b f 64.2 43.9 0.108 11.1 0.39
    b f 72.5 43.5 0.125 8.8 1.46
71, 72 Hippoglossoides platessoides m f 44.9 24.4 0.120 6.2 -0.30
    f f 65.5 41.9 0.070 14.8 0.18
    f f 65.0 42.5 0.090 14.0 2.18
    f f 73.0 53.6 0.100 13.6 0.37
    m f 50.0 20.0 0.090 5.8 0.13
    f f 60.0 39.2 0.070 15.2 0.02
    m f 55.3 25.0 0.100 7.3 1.31
    f f 65.0 42.5 0.090 14.0 2.18
    m f 58.8 25.2 0.120 5.3 0.65
    f f 71.0 48.0 0.100 12.2 0.91
    m f 57.7 28.4 0.120 5.5 -0.18
    f f 73.0 53.6 0.100 13.6 0.37
    m f 60.0 27.2 0.090 7.5 0.78
    f f 64.9 45.8 0.090 14.2 0.65
86 Pleuronectes americanus f   49.0 28.5 0.270 3.3 0.07
    f   49.0 28.1 0.310 3.0 0.25
56 Trinectes maculatus b   20.2 10.0 0.213 1.0 3.00
37 Pleuronectes platessa     59.4 28.8 0.110 3.0  
        54.4 26.6 0.110 2.5  
37 Solea solea     49.8 24.2 0.130 2.5  
        39.2 24.8 0.280 2.5 10.00
  Glyptocephalus cynoglossus m   69.8 32.3 0.081 7.4 -0.28
    f   72.5 43.8 0.102 9.0 -0.08
    m   64.1 33.1 0.084 8.0 -0.64
    f   65.4 42.6 0.087 11.8 -0.31
    m   105.5 33.3 0.047 7.4 -0.67
    f   171.7 43.0 0.026 10.2 -0.87
9 Glyptocephalus cynoglossus m   44.2 31.4 0.232 6.2 0.86
    f   54.9 40.2 0.136 10.0 0.30
    m   60.5 28.4 0.099 5.1 -1.35
    f   63.8 43.3 0.111 10.2 -0.02
    m   55.9 32.7 0.212 5.6 1.44
    f   61.9 44.9 0.192 8.4 1.69
    m   52.6 31.6 0.269 4.2 0.78
    f   64.7 48.4 0.164 8.6 0.20
    m   58.0 32.8 0.130 4.2 -2.20
    f   74.0 43.9 0.101 8.6 -0.29
64 Alosa pseudoharengus f   21.4 15.8 0.405 3.0  
15 Alosa pseudoharengus f   20.2 14.4 0.522 2.0  
    m   18.7 14.4 0.652 2.0  
65 Alosa pseudoharengus f   17.3 13.1 0.693 2.0  
    m   16.8 13.1 0.694 2.0  
26 Leuciscus pyrenaicus b g 20.8 7.5 0.145 3.0  
20 Cyprinus carpio b g 60.7 25.1 0.163 3.0  
25 Cyprinus carpio b g 63.1 19.4 0.202 2.0  
50 Rutilus rutilus f g 43.0 13.0 0.129 3.0  
    m g 40.0 9.2 0.143 2.0  
    f g 37.0 11.8 0.145 3.0  
    m g 24.0 8.6 0.245 2.0  
51 Leuciscus leuciscus f g 25.7 17.9 0.310 4.0  
    m g 23.3 16.3 0.285 4.0  
    m g 25.8 15.4 0.338 3.0  
    f g 23.8 16.0 0.259 4.0  
53 Squalius cephalus m g 43.8 24.1 0.190 5.0  
    f g 51.9 32.5 0.150 7.0  
74 Rutilus arcasii b g 13.3 3.7 0.269 1.2 -0.01
    b g 12.0 5.1 0.258 2.0 -0.12
82 Bagrus meridionalis f   109.2 37.0 0.092 3.4 -0.20
    m   104.8 33.0 0.091 3.1 -0.20
52 Esox lucius m   77.0 40.2 0.350 2.0  
    f   100.0 41.6 0.240 2.0  
    f   115.0 37.0 0.210 2.0  
    m   110.0 38.0 0.210 2.0  
45 Esox lucius f   105.8 39.0 0.226 2.0  
    f   101.5 44.0 0.306 2.0  
    f   98.5 42.0 0.285 2.0  
    m   82.1 41.0 0.354 2.0  
    m   80.2 37.0 0.289 2.0  
    m   78.3 40.0 0.345 2.0  
29 Osmerus mordax b   32.5 22.0 0.224 6.0 0.50
61 Osmerus mordax f   25.8 19.7 0.639 2.0  
    m   25.5 18.8 0.517 2.0  
5 Osmerus mordax f   34.3 19.3 0.304 3.0  
    m   22.5 15.0 0.723 2.0  
57 Coregonus artedi b   34.5 27.0 0.247 6.0 -0.20
23 Coregonus hoyi b   32.4 18.3 0.221 3.0  
    b   27.6 17.0 0.261 3.0  
38 Coregonus clupeaformis f   54.0 28.6 0.110 7.0  
    f   44.0 35.4 0.180 9.0  
    f   58.5 47.6 0.140 12.0  
    f   73.5 41.9 0.090 9.0  
    f   50.5 32.1 0.090 11.0  
    f   61.5 55.7 0.420 5.0  
    f   68.5 53.5 0.310 5.0  
    f   57.5 53.1 0.320 8.0  
    f   66.5 47.3 0.310 4.0  
22 Coregonus clupeaformis b   75.0 42.4 0.133 6.0  
57 Coregonus clupeaformis b   39.8 30.7 0.208 7.0 -0.10
39 Prosopium cylindraceum b   45.4 21.9 0.117 5.0  
4 Prosopium cylindraceum b   45.9 27.4 0.204 4.0  
49 Prosopium cylindraceum b   54.9 20.1 0.084 5.0  
2 Prosopium cylindraceum b   52.1 25.5 0.374 2.0  
60 Prosopium cylindraceum b   51.8 31.2 0.320 3.0  
57 Prosopium cylindraceum b   37.0 21.1 0.211 4.0 -0.01
67, 68 Galaxias occidentalis m   10.9 7.0 0.758 1.0 -0.34
    f   12.4 7.5 0.762 1.0 -0.22
69 Galaxiella munda m   4.4 4.3 4.217 1.0 0.00
    f   4.9 4.7 3.702 1.0 0.00
70 Galaxiella nigrostriata m   3.5 3.3 3.230 1.0 -0.03
    f   4.1 3.7 2.460 1.0  
  Galaxiella pusilla m   2.9 2.4 4.680 1.0  
    f   3.0 2.8 6.110 1.0  
47 Salmo trutta b   65.9 20.1 0.183 2.0  
40 Salvelinus alpinus b   13.3 9.8 0.333 4.0  
    b   20.5 18.0 0.417 5.0  
    b   55.4 27.5 0.086 8.0  
    b   30.2 26.0 0.328 6.0  
41 Salvelinus namaycush b h 96.7 59.4 0.160 6.0 0.04
    b h 91.5 62.0 0.190 6.0 0.04
    b h 91.5 62.0 0.190 6.0 0.05
24 Salvelinus namaycush f h 85.9 57.2 0.244 4.0  
    m h 84.2 65.0 0.251 5.0  
80, 81 Salvelinus namaycush b h 57.8 41.4 0.157 8.3 -0.04
    b h 50.8 37.8 0.141 12.1 -0.65
    b h 61.0 45.2 0.130 10.8 -0.40
    b h 61.9 44.5 0.205 6.7 -0.20
    b h 68.4 51.7 0.155 9.5 -0.09
    b h 63.9 48.5 0.229 6.9 -0.21
19 Cottus cognatus b d 15.3 7.4 0.136 4.0  
84 Clinocottus analis f d 96.3 63.3 1.000 1.0 -0.07
    m d 119.0 63.9 0.700 1.0 -0.10
6 Sebastes emphaeus f d 170.7 121.7 0.535 1.9 -0.46
21 Cottus asperrimus b d 9.3 4.4 0.195 3.0  
  Cottus pitensis b d 13.9 5.6 0.199 3.0  
  Cottus klamathensis b d 9.8 5.5 0.275 3.0  
48 Sebastes serranoides f d 47.8 36.2 0.229 5.0  
    m d 42.7 32.8 0.283 4.0  
77, 78 Gasterosteus aculeatus b   7.4 4.7 1.770 0.6  
    b   7.5 4.4 1.780 0.5  
59 Nannatherina balstoni f   8.3 5.7 1.310 0.8 -0.10
    m   7.1 4.9 1.690 0.6 -0.08
54 Perca fluviatilis f   35.2 22.6 0.394 3.0  
    m   35.4 15.2 0.320 2.0  
17 Perca fluviatilis f   25.5 16.5 0.310 3.0  
    m   23.1 15.3 0.300 3.0  
    f   22.9 17.5 0.500 3.0  
    m   21.3 15.6 0.380 3.0  
83 Perca flavescens b i 27.0 18.8 0.424 3.0 0.20
85 Perca flavescens m i 30.0 16.2 0.417 2.0  
    f i 37.0 22.7 0.329 3.0  
30, 62, 87, 88 Stizostedion vitreum f i 80.7 45.4 0.249 3.0  
    f i 77.8 45.1 0.297 3.0  
    f i 70.7 46.5 0.340 3.0  
    m i 62.0 33.7 0.376 2.0  
    m i 59.1 31.0 0.400 2.0  
    m i 55.3 36.9 0.520 2.0  
18 Stizostedion vitreum f i 54.4 44.1 0.292 5.0 -0.68
    f i 46.6 37.6 0.215 7.0 -0.63
    f i 62.2 45.5 0.253 5.0 -0.19
7 Lepomis macrochirus     22.8 7.9 0.206 2.0  
36 Tilapia galilaea m   36.0 23.0 0.550 2.0  
    f   33.4 22.0 0.490 2.0  
  Tilapia aurea     32.9 19.0 0.600 2.0  
  Tilapia esculenta     32.5 23.0 0.501 2.5  
        33.5 23.0 0.360 2.8  
        33.5 22.5 0.392 2.8  
        32.4 24.0 0.310 3.5  
  Tilapia saka     34.7 26.0 0.560 3.0  
  Tilapia zillii m   28.1 14.7 0.503 1.0  
    f   21.1 13.5 0.659 1.0  
  Tristamella simonis simonis     19.8 14.5 0.625 2.0  
  Tristamella simonis intermedius     21.2 14.5 0.710 2.0  
  Boulengerochromis microlepis     52.9 40.0 0.560 2.5  
  Haplochromis virginalis     12.1 10.6 0.778 3.0  
  Haplochromis quadrimaculatus     19.0 16.0 0.650 3.0  
  Haplochromis pleurostigmoides     14.4 13.0 0.764 3.0  
28 Tylochromis bangwelensis b   30.5 16.2 0.165 4.0  
44 Ophicephalus striatus b   52.0 23.3 0.210 2.5 -0.33
31 Chondrostoma polylepis b   21.8 4.7 0.247 1.0  
37 Clupea harengus     30.3 22.1 0.440 1.0  
        29.0 22.6 0.660 1.6  
37 Merlangius merlangus     56.3 28.4 0.110 1.5  
        42.4 20.2 0.320 1.5  
32 Sillago robusta m b 17.2 11.0 0.980 1.0 -0.04
    f b 16.9 15.0 1.030 2.0 -0.11
  Sillago bassensis f b 32.9 20.6 0.260 3.0 -0.80
    m b 30.7 20.4 0.290 3.0 -0.75
33 Sillago burrus m b 17.9 16.4 2.440 1.0  
    f b 18.8 17.0 2.370 1.0 0.01
  Sillago vittata f b 33.1 13.4 0.430 1.0 -0.21
    m b 31.2 13.3 0.450 1.0 -0.23
34 Sillago schomburgkii m b 32.5 21.5 0.490 2.0 -0.22
    f b 33.3 22.7 0.530 2.0 -0.16
35 Sillaginodes punctata m b 50.0 43.5 0.530 4.0 0.16
    f b 53.2 44.6 0.470 4.0 0.13
37 Micromesistius poutassou   e 37.1 25.1 0.230 2.3  
  Melanogrammus aeglefinus   e 67.9 30.6 0.160 2.0  
      e 68.3 33.5 0.190 2.5  
37 Pollachius virens   e 177.1 55.4 0.070 4.6  
      e 157.7 54.6 0.070 4.9  
37 Gadus morhua   e 123.1 69.7 0.230 3.8  
      e 98.5 60.9 0.390 2.5  
27 Gadus morhua b e 126.8 74.0 0.091 7.5  
    b e 67.9 46.0 0.155 5.4  
3 Lophius americanus f e 157.6 48.2 0.095 4.0 0.16
    m e 105.9 37.7 0.157 3.0 0.20
42 Coryphaenoides rupestris f e 19.5 11.8 0.101 10.0 0.80
    m e 15.5 10.2 0.128 9.0 0.54
8 Coryphaenoides rupestris f e 18.1 12.0 0.100 10.0 -0.90
    m e 14.7 9.3 0.105 8.0 -1.50
37 Trachurus trachurus   c 34.1 18.9 0.190 2.5  
37 Trisopterus esmarkii   c 22.6 18.6 0.520 2.3  
55 Micropogonias furnieri f c 82.9 30.5 0.130 3.4 -0.13
    m c 65.3 28.4 0.160 3.4 -0.16
79 Scomberomorus cavalla f c 131.4 58.6 0.175 3.0  
    m c 106.1 57.6 0.221 3.0  
37 Scomber scombrus   c 39.9 26.2 0.360 1.8  
58 Scomber scombrus b c 42.9 33.2 0.360 3.0  
76 Menticirrhus americanus m c 29.2 13.7 0.637 1.0 0.01
    f c 47.7 22.2 0.274 2.0 -0.28
1 Liza subviridis f c 34.4 15.0 0.263 2.0  

Literature Cited:

(* Age or size at first reproduction are from literature cited. The von Bertalanffy growth parameters are from literature cited or calculated from length-at-age data in those literature.)

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