Tia-Lynn Ashman, Denise H. Cole, and Megan Bradburn. 2004. Sex-differential resistance and tolerance to herbivory in a gynodioecious wild strawberry. Ecology 85:2550–2559.

	Potential Mechanism of Tolerance
Source	Reserve buds	RGR	Initial plant size	Date of first flower	Flowering duration
Bench	0.16	2.37	3.15H	2.29	5.44*
Population	0.01	1.94	2.04	0.45	0.33
Sex	1.83	4.91*	0.50	1.03	1.43
Clipping	0.20	2.01	0.01	0.22	0.87
Genotype (Sex, Pop.)	2.27****	0.69	2.22****	1.59*	1.47*
Sex × Pop.	0.26	0.60	0.03	0.01	0.72
Clipping × Pop.	0.14	0.97	0.12	1.36	1.71
Clipping × Sex	0.29	0.78	0.99	0.36	0.14
Clipping × Geno.	1.37†	0.75	0.93	1.03	0.94
Clipping × Sex × Pop.	0.14	0.05	0.83	2.96†	4.30*
Initial Plant Size	15.92	Na	Na	1.32	0.24

   Notes: Bench, sex morph, population, treatment were fixed effects, genotype and its interactions were random effects. Significance denoted as † 0.10 < P < 0.05; * P < 0.05;*** P < 0.005;**** P < 0.0001. Na= not in model.