Daniel M. Kashian, Monica G. Turner, William H. Romme, and Craig G. Lorimer. 2005. Variability and convergence in stand structural development on a fire-dominated subalpine landscape. Ecology 86:643–654.

Appendix A (Table A1). Structural characteristics of stands sampled in four age classes in Yellowstone Ntaional Park. Stands are organized by age class. PICO = lodgepole pine; Qm = dbh of a tree having the average basal area for the stand; fallen trees include "stumps" as described in the text..

			Density (stems/ha)				PICO seedlings (stems/ha)
Stand	Stand age (yrs)	Elevation (m)	Living trees	Dead trees	Fallen trees	% PICO	Saplings (>100 cm)	10–100 cm	<10 cm	Qm (cm)	Basal area (m2/ha)	% Serotiny
0114	45	2480	8520	0	2900	100	0	0	0	7.3	35.4	20.0
0115	55	2549	1620	60	820	97.5	12	34	53	15.3	28.2	0.0
9905	59	2389	1180	0	140	100	0	276	77	12.3	14.5	0.0
0023	69	2480	10220	500	5280	100	6	1	0	7.3	42.2	9.7
0112	69	2374	3660	440	1080	100	7	14	23	12.6	45.8	4.4
0026	90	2512	3960	320	740	100	18	55	44	11.1	38.0	2.6
0103	91	2370	2880	740	2300	100	0	3	14	14.2	45.9	0.0
0108	91	2373	2580	300	420	100	1	1	113	13.6	37.3	15.0
0119	91	2412	6400	720	3600	99.7	15	13	2	9.8	47.1	2.3
0016	99	2252	3080	660	760	100	1	0	297	10.9	28.5	54.3
0022	99	2256	11320	260	3660	100	93	12	5	5.7	41.0	32.7
0030	100	2521	7000	1480	2140	99.1	0	0	0	10.5	59.8	5.3
0101	100	2347	1360	360	200	97.1	0	0	23	22.3	52.6	4.0
9901	110	2278	1680	600	1100	90.5	2	6	5	16.5	32.4	12.2
0004	119	2213	2420	1180	920	100	0	498	1030	14.9	42.1	33.3
0009	125	2405	1720	540	1580	100	0	9	8	17.9	43.5	6.5
0018	125	2174	9240	1800	11640	100	2	0	0	7.8	50.6	27.3
0006	130	2227	5400	1080	7260	100	0	0	3	9.6	38.8	48.9
0010	130	2376	1020	140	80	100	13	174	385	22.3	47.9	0.0
0031	130	2371	1140	460	1920	100	3	41	16	20.6	37.9	2.1
0105	131	2368	1380	380	920	96.3	0	13	8	22.4	48.6	4.0
0107	131	2387	860	120	200	100	30	238	84	23.4	37.0	2.0
0109	131	2387	1340	220	560	100	11	60	4	23.0	53.7	4.1
0110	131	2359	2020	300	660	100	0	16	347	17.1	47.1	0.0
0104	134	2372	2200	720	3620	100	0	1	8	14.7	36.8	2.1
0002	135	2195	3360	1240	1900	100	0	1	11	12.0	38.2	34.1
0012	140	2403	1160	460	1020	100	4	37	161	20.8	38.1	0.0
0117	143	2368	1500	540	560	100	2	65	205	19.1	43.3	2.0
0014	205	2466	1440	1020	1080	100	0	227	157	17.8	37.9	9.5
0013	222	2527	900	360	300	100	0	116	90	25.2	38.5	13.6
0008	235	2548	1180	160	490	98.3	9	177	294	25.7	61.2	6.8
0007	237	2533	640	320	800	91.4	7	243	38	27.8	36.0	0.0
0102	243	2387	2120	440	780	100	34	182	280	16.0	43.3	0.0
0106	243	2418	840	460	740	100	2	274	35	27.4	46.4	0.0
0017	249	2411	1640	220	440	96.3	39	69	31	17.4	34.3	7.1
0011	252	2441	1560	840	1400	100	1	165	1176	20.1	45.7	19.1
0025	252	2541	940	420	760	100	3	494	955	24.1	43.0	0.0
0111	252	2362	920	120	260	100	230	605	226	23.0	36.1	2.3
0113	259	2386	960	60	560	100	54	90	4	24.0	49.9	0.0
0116	252	2379	900	300	200	93.8	18	614	256	20.6	31.2	4.2
0001	297	2548	820	480	60	97.0	41	640	658	29.1	81.9	0.0
0005	297	2418	1660	140	220	86.4	196	1419	665	19.5	41.7	0.0
0020	297	2374	1920	100	420	85.5	31	152	19	13.7	23.7	0.0
0024	313	2414	1860	140	400	88.3	23	62	9	19.2	50.0	0.0
0015	313	2399	780	460	800	85.9	14	490	84	29.1	44.2	0.0
0019	350	2423	1820	420	1020	97.8	1	5	21	17.8	43.8	0.0
0029	358	2568	460	120	60	95.7	17	526	381	32.7	37.2	2.0