Ecological Archives E086-143-A1

C. J. Clark, J. R. Poulsen, B. M. Bolker, E. F. Connor, and V. T. Parker. 2005. Comparative seed shadows of bird- , monkey- , and wind-dispersed trees. Ecology 86:2684–2694.

Appendix A. A table listing species of vertebrates observed eating the fruits of the study tree species based on data collected during tree watches. See Notes at end of table for details.

Tree species

Hours observed

 

AGP

APH

BCH

BPE

CHP

CVT

CRG

GALA

GCM

MM

PPH

RFP

STR

SQR

WTH

WNG

YBA

                                       

Cleistopholis glauca

222

no. observations

1

1

92

0

0

0

0

0

0

21

91

2

11

0

54

22

0

(BIRD)

 

percentage removal

<1

<1

34

0

0

0

0

0

0

3

37.2

<1

<1

0

19.2

4.9

0

Maesopsis eminii

338

no. observations

0

51

213

68

0

0

5

4

0

2

49

0

1

0

671

30

0

(BIRD)

 

percentage removal

0

2.1

14.2

8.3

0

0

<1

<1

0

<1

3.2

0

<1

0

68.1

3

0

Staudtia kamerunensis

182

no. observations

0

4

69

0

0

0

0

0

1

1

68

0

3

0

117

4

4

(BIRD)

 

percentage removal

0

0

20.3

0

0

0

0

0

<1

<1

23.3

0

<1

0

54.3

<1

<1

Uapaca paludosa

202

no. observations

0

0

0

15

0

0

23

4

33

59

0

0

0

5

0

118

0

(MON)

 

percentage removal

0

0

0

2.6

0

0

6.5

<1

12.5

25.5

0

0

0

<1

0

52.4

0

Garcinia smeathmannii

130

no. observations

0

0

26

0

0

0

23

0

41

12

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

(MON)

 

percentage removal

0

0

19.4

0

0

0

15.7

0

52.1

12.8

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

Gambeya boukokoensis

128

no. observations

0

0

0

0

3

2

24

0

15

8

0

0

0

48

0

55

0

   Notes: A minimum of 20 five-hour watches, one 24-hour watch, and five night watches were conducted for each tree species.  We recorded the duration of the visit, number of fruits eaten, and direction and distance moved at departure for each observation.  Birds accounted for 92.6, 96.3, and 99.9% of the visits by frugivores to C. glauca, M. eminii, and S. kamerunensis, respectively.  Likewise, primate visits accounted for 90.7, 94.7, and 100% of frugivore visits to U. paludosa, G. boukokoensis, and G. smeathmannii.Percent removal is the percent of the total number of fruits consumed during all watches of a tree species eaten by a particular animal species.  AGP = African grey parrot, APH = African pied hornbill, BCH = Black-casqued hornbill, BPE = Blue plaintain-eater, CHP = Chimpanzee, CRG = Crowned guenon, CVT = Civit, GAL = Galago, GCM = Grey-cheeked mangabey, MM = Mustached monkey, PPH = Piping hornbill, RFP = Red-fronted parrot, SQR = Squirrel, STR = Starling, WNG = White-nosed guenon, WTH = White-thighed hornbill, YBA = Yellow-billed barbet.



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