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Appendix D. Unstandardized path coefficients and intercepts of the structural equations, and unexplained (residual) variance of the variables (Error) of the model in Fig. 3. Parameters are given with their respective standard error (SE). R² is part of variation explained (partial coefficient of multiple determination. SI = successional index, Field age = time since field abandonment, Vm1 = vegetative mass, Stm = stem mass at first seed dispersal, Lm = leaf mass at first seed dispersal, Rm = reproductive mass at first seed dispersal, H = maximum height, SLA = specific leaf area, Sn = number of seeds produced per individual per year, Sm = mean individual seed mass, Flowdate = flowering date of ~50% of plants in the population, Smatdate = date of seed maturation of ~50% of plants in the population.