Introduction
Tree species richness in tropical rain forest typically exceeds several hundred species over mesoscale landscapes (Clark et al. 1999; Losos and Leigh 2004). While there have been numerous attempts to explain this diversity (cf Denslow 1980, Clark et al. 1999, Hubbell et al. 1999, Hubbell 2001) there is still no generally accepted ecological theory that accounts for the coexistence of so many species with the same general morphologies and the same basic requirements of light, nutrients, water and physical space.
In part this lack of a unifying theory rests on the lack of understanding of the post-establishment ecology of the vast majority of tropical tree species, particularly for smaller individuals. The seedling stage of tropical tree regeneration has received substantial attention, as has the ecology of canopy-level individuals. In contrast, the post-establishment pre-reproductive phases of tropical tree life histories have received relatively little attention. It is common for juveniles to pass decades in shaded understory conditions and with little net height growth (Clark and Clark 1992, 2001). Understanding the relations between growth, survival, physical damage and crown light environments during this period is a prerequisite for testing and improving current ecological life history theories for tropical trees.
In addition to the theoretical interest of understanding tropical tree life histories and their relation to environmental factors, there is an immediate practical concern. Tropical forests are major stores of both carbon and biodiversity and they play important roles in global climate regulation. It is critical to understand current-time tropical tree performance and its relation to environmental conditions in order to successfully model the effects of future global climate change on this biome.
A major barrier to understanding tropical tree performance is the scarcity of long-term records of tropical tree growth at the annual scale. Because the vast majority of tropical tree studies are based on multiyear census intervals, it is difficult to assess the relation between tree performance and climatic variation, including such major phenomena such as El Niño and La Niña events (cf. Clark et al. 2003). The annual time scale is also well matched to the temporal scales of microhabitat changes and physical damage (cf Clark and Clark 2001).
Here we present data from an on-going long-term study designed to examine in detail the post-establishment ecology of ten species of tropical wet forest trees selected to span a broad range of life history patterns. The study site is in old-growth tropical wet forest at the La Selva Biological Station in Costa Rica. The dataset covers the survivorship, growth, physical condition and microhabitat of 3381 individuals from >50 cm tall to above-canopy emergents, measured annually over the 17-year period 1983-2000. The first Ecological Archives data publication from this study (Clark and Clark 2000) was for the period 1983-1993; this update of the core dataset adds 7 years’ data, many new individuals, and also now includes La Selva’s dominant canopy tree species, added to the study in 1998.
This expanded data set is unique in tropical forest studies. We know of no other study of tropical rain forest tree species that involves long-term annual measurements of individual performance and associated microsite conditions of all post-establishment life stages. The 17-yr record provides a way to explore features of tropical tree ecology that cannot be analyzed either with short-term or multi-year observations, such as the responses of different life-history stages to interannual climatic variation, the duration of effects from physical damage, and the effects of sudden microsite changes. Metadata development and an emphasis on precision of measurements have been major features of this research. To our knowledge this is the only database on tropical rain forest trees for which comprehensive data and metadata from a 17- year annual-measurement-interval data set are published for unrestricted global access.
The data have been used to study life history patterns, relations with microhabitats including edaphic factors and crown light environments, relations between ecophysiology, morphology and performance, the relation of tree performance to climate variation both at local and global scales, and also in a diversity of remote sensing studies (see section V.f below). Such studies are far from complete, and we encourage researchers to explore these and other approaches to understanding the regeneration ecology of these species. The data are also well-suited for teaching purposes, providing a real-world example of long-term observations of a diverse group of coexisting species in a globally-threatened biome.
A. Data set identity:
Title: Tropical rain forest tree performance and microhabitat
B. Data set identification code
Suggested Data Set Identity Code: LS_trees_1983_2000
C. Data set description
Principal Investigator:
David B. Clark, Department of Biology, University of Missouri-St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA and La Selva Biological Station, Puerto Viejo de Sarapiquí, Costa Rica.
Deborah A. Clark, Department of Biology, University of Missouri-St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA and La Selva Biological Station, Puerto Viejo de Sarapiquí, Costa Rica.
Abstract:
Tree species richness in tropical rain forest typically exceeds several hundred species over mesoscale landscapes. There is no generally accepted ecological theory that accounts for the coexistence of so many species with the same general morphologies and the same basic requirements of light, nutrients, water, and physical space. In part, this lack of theory rests on the lack of understanding of the post-establishment ecology for the vast majority of tropical tree species. Of even more immediate concern is the lack of data on tree performance in relation to climate; such data are critical to project effects of global climate change on tropical forests.
Here we present data from a project designed to examine the post-establishment ecology of 10 species of tropical wet forest trees selected to span a range of predicted life history patterns. The study site was terra firme old-growth tropical wet forest at the La Selva Biological Station in Costa Rica. Particular emphasis has been placed on evaluating the precision of measurements, metadata development, and annual measurements of all individuals. Because the climates of all forest environments show significant interannual variation, the annual time interval is a powerful scale at which to study the relation of tree performance to climate variation. It is also a temporal interval that captures the scale of microhabitat variations and the responses of trees to this variation in tropical rain forest.
We present data on survivorship, growth, and microhabitat for 3381 individuals from >50 cm tall to canopy-level individuals measured annually between 1983 and 2000 (the study is ongoing and complete through 2005), thus adding seven years’ data and the dominant canopy species at La Selva to the data set we published in 2000. The data set is unique in its scope (number of years of continuous annual measurements, number of monitored individuals) as well as in the degree of metadata documentation and unrestricted access to the raw data. The data have been used to study life history patterns, relations with microhabitats including edaphic factors and crown light environments, relations among ecophysiology, morphology, and performance, and the relation of tree performance to climate variation both at local and global scales. The data have also been used in a diversity of remote sensing studies.
D. Key words: Costa Rica; emergents; La Selva; life history strategies; physical damage; tree demography; tropical rain forest; tropical trees.
CLASS II. RESEARCH ORIGIN DESCRIPTORS
A. Overall project description
Identity: Long-term tropical rain forest tree ecology
Originators: D. B. Clark and D. A. Clark
Period of Study: data from 1983–2000 (study continuing from 2000–2006 and beyond)
Objectives: We sought to characterize variation in life history patterns for canopy and emergent tree species in a tropical rain forest. To do this we assembled a set of ten focal tree species spanning a broad life history spectrum and studied the interactions among microsite characteristics and tree performance in all post-seedling life history stages of these species. Complementary goals that have developed during the study include: assessing the importance of physical damage to individuals through ontogeny; quantifying the effects of long-term suppression on different life history stages; assessing the degree of inter-annual variation in tree performance and its relationship to climatic and atmospheric factors; using the larger trees as ground data for remote sensing studies.
Abstract: This study is designed to document and understand the regeneration of all post-establishment size classes of ten focal species of tropical rain forest trees. The study is long-term (23 years to date and continuing) and links annual measures of tree performance with annual evaluations of microsite and physical condition.
Source(s) of funding: National Science Foundation (U.S.A.), Andrew W. Mellon Foundation, Organization for Tropical Studies, Bolsillo Personal Foundation.
B. Specific subproject description
Site description:
The study was carried out in terra firme old-growth tropical wet forest at the La Selva Biological Station, Costa Rica. A detailed site description is given in McDade et al. 1994. Site and area maps, many GIS coverages, meterological data and lists of publications are available on the La Selva web site (http://www.ots.duke.edu/en/laselva/).
Experimental or sampling design: In 1982 we selected six non-pioneer species of canopy and emergent trees (see list below) as focal species for this study. We chose them to represent a broad gradient of shade tolerance based on existing knowledge or hypotheses. All six species were also commercial timber species. In 1988 we added three species that were reported to be pioneers or high-light-demanding at other sites (two Cecropia species and Simarouba amara). In 1998 we added the most common canopy species at La Selva, Pentaclethra macroloba.
The list of study species is given below. Referenced voucher specimens are in the Herbario Nacional de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica (except for the voucher for Hyeronima, which is at the Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad de Costa Rica, Santo Domingo de Heredia, Costa Rica, and for Pentaclethra, which is in the Duke Herbarium, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA).
Species studied since 1983 (family) [representative voucher specimen]:
Minquartia guianensis Aubl. (Olacaceae) [G.Herrera 2250]
Lecythis ampla Miers (Lecythidaceae) [R.Robles 2208]
Hymenolobium mesoamericanum H.C. Lima (Papilionoideae) [R.Aguilar 19]
Dipteryx panamensis (Pittier) Record & Mell (Papilionoideae) [R.Robles 1199]
Balizia elegans elegans (Ducke) Barneby & J. W. Grimes (Mimosoideae)
[B.Hammel 17319] (before 1999 = Pithecellobium elegans)
Hyeronima alchorneoides Allemao (Euphorbiaceae) [Chacon 751]
Species studied since 1988 (family) [representative voucher specimen]:
Cecropia insignis Liebm. (Cecropiaceae) [W. Burger 11135]
Cecropia obtusifolia Bertol. (Cecropiaceae) [R. Robles 1446]
Simarouba amara Aubl. (Simaroubaceae) [R. Robles 1670]
Species studied since 1998 (family) [representative voucher specimen]:
Pentaclethra macroloba (Willd.) Kuntze (Mimosoideae) [B. Hammel 8440]
Our sampling protocol was designed to accumulate an unbiased sample of all post-establishment size classes for each study species using objective and consistent criteria. To do this we selected the original sample of study individuals in 1982-83 by walking transects on compass bearings from trails to natural boundaries such as creeks, attempting to completely cover specific areas of old growth; transects were spaced approximately 20 m apart. In this sampling we included included without exception all live individuals > 50 cm tall of our original six study species that were encountered, regardless of condition or microsite. In addition, for Lecythis ampla, Hyeronima alchorneiodes, and Hymenolobium mesoamericanum, in every census we included all encountered individuals < 50 cm tall (new seedlings in the main). In each subsequent year, prior to each annual census, we evaluated the dataset and decided for which species-size classes increased sample sizes were needed (we sought to maintain a minimum of > 20 live individuals/species-size class based on the size classes analyzed in Clark and Clark 1992). For those species-size classes, we then added to the study sample all untagged individuals encountered during the course of the annual census following the same all-inclusive criteria: no individual of the target species/size-classes that was sighted within our study area was ever rejected. Note that this sample is not a complete sample for the area searched, at least for the small size classes. We were interested in assessing the long-term ecology of all post-establishment size classes of focal species, and to get useful sample sizes for these species involved searching >200 ha. Complete samples are only possible by examining every stem above a minimum size limit, which would have been logistically impractical in an area this size and with the size classes used here. The sample in this study is rather a sample assembled using unbiased search and inclusion protocols based on the same basic criteria for the entire study period.
From time to time we have extended our study area (e.g., by crossing a creek). In newly included areas of forest we followed the same procedure for adding new species/size combinations (i.e. nothing on the current "add" list is ever rejected, unless it is across some new natural boundary where we choose not to extend the study area). All individuals in our study sample have been marked and mapped with respect to trail locations and to each other (copies of these maps are stored at La Selva and off-site, under the Clarks' control). Each individual is censused annually for growth, survival, physical condition and microsite, until they are determined in at least two consecutive censuses to be dead, or the stem is substantially decomposed at the first census where death is observed. In order to maintain very close to 1 yr intervals between censuses of each tree, we have maintained the same spatiotemporal order of working through the study area (for 1993/4, inter-census intervals were 365 + 16 d for 94% of the 2011 trees; Clark and Clark 1999).
Research Methods: Each individual is censused annually for growth, survival, physical condition, and microsite. The description of methods for each measured variable is given in the variables table in Section IV.B. below.
Project Personnel: During the total study period only six people have been involved in field measurements: the Principal Investigators, Luis Fernando Corrales, Gerardo Vega, Leonel Campos Otoya and William Miranda Conejo. Since 1991 all the field data have been taken by Mr. Campos and Mr. Miranda.
CLASS III. DATA SET STATUS AND ACCESSIBILITY
A. Status
Latest Update: 10 November 2005
Latest Archive date: 10 November 2005
Metadata status: Metadata are complete for this period and are stored with the data (see B. below).
Data verification: Data are checked by readback upon entry. A
variety of data screen programs are run to ensure that values are plausible.
Large values for annual height- and diameter-growthare identified by screening
programs and checked against the current and past field data sheets.B.Accessibility
Storage location and medium:All digital data and metadata are updated annually and stored on computer hard drives at the La Selva Biological Station in at least two separate buildings. Original field data sheets are stored at La Selva, and photocopies are stored at the Clarks’ residence in San Rafael de Escazú, Costa Rica.
Contact person: David B. Clark, O.T.S., Interlink 341, P.O. Box 025635, Miami, FL, USA, 33102. Telephone 506-766-6565 ext. 146, fax 506-766-6535. Email: dbclark@sloth.ots.ac.cr
Copyright restrictions: None, authors believe scientific data should be free for scientific use.
Proprietary restrictions: None, authors believe scientific data should be free for scientific use.
Costs: None, authors believe scientific data should be free for scientific use.
CLASS IV. DATA STRUCTURAL DESCRIPTORS
A.Data Set File
Identity: LS_trees_1983_2000.txt
Size: 3381 records, not including header row.
Format and Storage mode: Ascii text, tab delimited. No compression schemes used.
Header information:
Descriptions of how variables were measured are given in section B. below. Column order in data table ascends (left to right) A-Z, AB-AZ, BA-BZ etc.
Column Letter Order
Variable name
Variable definition
Storage
typeRange of numeric
values
(-999 not incl.)Missing
value
codesA
ID
Individual identification
Numeric
2 - 99375
B
SITE
La Selva trail location
Character
See IV.B.B.
C
SPECIES
Species code
Character
See IV.B.C.
D
FIRSTCEN
Year of individual’s first census
Numeric
1983 – 2000
E
DEATHYEAR
Death year
Numeric
1984 – 2000
-999
F
HT83
Height at 1983 census (cm)
Numeric
7 – 1665
-999
G
HT84
Height at 1984 census (cm)
Numeric
14 – 1731
-999
H
HT85
Height at 1985 census (cm)
Numeric
8 – 1695
-999
I
HT86
Height at 1986 census (cm)
Numeric
8 – 1704
-999
J
HT87
Height at 1987 census (cm)
Numeric
5 – 1747
-999
K
HT88
Height at 1988 census (cm)
Numeric
16 – 1708
-999
L
HT89
Height at 1989 census (cm)
Numeric
17 – 1757
-999
M
HT90
Height at 1990 census (cm)
Numeric
18 – 1803
-999
N
HT91
Height at 1991 census (cm)
Numeric
12 – 1767
-999
O
HT92
Height at 1992 census (cm)
Numeric
10 – 1760
-999
P
HT93
Height at 1993 census (cm)
Numeric
5 – 1891
-999
Q
HT94
Height at 1994 census (cm)
Numeric
3 – 1724
-999
R
HT95
Height at 1995 census (cm)
Numeric
1 – 1902
-999
S
HT96
Height at 1996 census (cm)
Numeric
11 – 1920
-999
T
HT97
Height at 1997 census (cm)
Numeric
5 – 1850
-999
U
HT98
Height at 1998 census (cm)
Numeric
3 – 1704
-999
V
HT99
Height at 1999 census (cm)
Numeric
11 – 1611
-999
W
HT00
Height at 2000 census (cm)
Numeric
10 – 1274
-999
X
HGRO8384
Height growth from 1983 to 1984 (cm)
Floating point
-164.0 – +167.0
-999
Y
HGRO8485
Height growth from 1984 to 1985 (cm)
Floating point
-537.0 – +222.1
-999
Z
HGRO8586
Height growth from 1985 to 1986 (cm)
Floating point
-628.0 – +274.8
-999
AA
HGRO8687
Height growth from 1986 to 1987 (cm)
Floating point
-755.0 – +371.1
-999
AB
HGRO8788
Height growth from 1987 to 1988 (cm)
Floating point
-543.0 – +216.9
-999
AC
HGRO8889
Height growth from 1988 to 1989 (cm)
Floating point
-734.0 – +401.7
-999
AD
HGRO8990
Height growth from 1989 to 1990 (cm)
Floating point
-689.0 – +341.9
-999
AE
HGRO9091
Height growth from 1990 to 1991 (cm)
Floating point
-1079.0 – +410.8
-999
AF
HGRO9192
Height growth from 1991 to 1992 (cm)
Floating point
-645.0 – +356.0
-999
AG
HGRO9293
Height growth from 1992 to 1993 (cm)
Floating point
-346.0 – +307.8
-999
AH
HGRO9394
Height growth from 1993 to 1994 (cm)
Floating point
-808.0 – +275.0
-999
AI
HGRO9495
Height growth from 1994 to 1995 (cm)
Floating point
-426.0 – +369.1
-999
AJ
HGRO9596
Height growth from 1995 to 1996 (cm)
Floating point
-882.0 – +433.0
-999
AK
HGRO9697
Height growth from 1996 to 1997 (cm)
Floating point
-1334.0 – +218.3
-999
AL
HGRO9798
Height growth from 1997 to 1998 (cm)
Floating point
-390.0 – +430.1
-999
AM
HGRO9899
Height growth from 1998 to 1999 (cm)
Floating point
-773.0 – +310.7
-999
AN
HGRO9900
Height growth from 1999 to 2000 (cm)
Floating point
-925.0 – +321.4
-999
AO
DIA83
Diameter in 1983 (mm)
Floating point
2.1 – 1404.0
-999
AP
DIA84
Diameter in 1984 (mm)
Floating point
1.8 – 1395.0
-999
AQ
DIA85
Diameter in 1985 (mm)
Floating point
1.9 – 1388.0
-999
AR
DIA86
Diameter in 1986 (mm)
Floating point
3.3 – 1383.0
-999
AS
DIA87
Diameter in 1987 (mm)
Floating point
2.7 – 1500.0
-999
AT
DIA88
Diameter in 1988 (mm)
Floating point
2.4 – 1368.0
-999
AU
DIA89
Diameter in 1989 (mm)
Floating point
2.0 – 1363.0
-999
AV
DIA90
Diameter in 1990 (mm)
Floating point
2.2 – 1561.0
-999
AW
DIA91
Diameter in 1991 (mm)
Floating point
1.9 – 1354.0
-999
AX
DIA92
Diameter in 1992 (mm)
Floating point
2.2 – 1518.0
-999
AY
DIA93
Diameter in 1993 (mm)
Floating point
1.8 – 1511.0
-999
AZ
DIA94
Diameter in 1994 (mm)
Floating point
1.4 – 1506.0
-999
BA
DIA95
Diameter in 1995 (mm)
Floating point
1.6 – 1502.0
-999
BB
DIA96
Diameter in 1996 (mm)
Floating point
1.7 – 1496.0
-999
BC
DIA97
Diameter in 1997 (mm)
Floating point
1.2 – 1492.0
-999
BD
DIA98
Diameter in 1998 (mm)
Floating point
1.1 – 1294.0
-999
BE
DIA99
Diameter in 1999 (mm)
Floating point
0.9 – 1287.0
-999
BF
DIA00
Diameter in 2000 (mm)
Floating point
1.0 – 1870.0
-999
BG
DGRO8384
Diameter growth 1983 – 1984
Floating point
-2.3 – 26.3
-999
BH
DGRO8485
Diameter growth 1984 – 1985
Floating point
-2.1 – 23.0
-999
BI
DGRO8586
Diameter growth 1985 – 1986
Floating point
-1.9 – 32.9
-999
BJ
DGRO8687
Diameter growth 1986 – 1987
Floating point
-3.1 – 21.5
-999
BK
DGRO8788
Diameter growth 1987 – 1988
Floating point
-2.0 – 22.8
-999
BL
DGRO8889
Diameter growth 1988 – 1989
Floating point
-3.1 – 36.5
-999
BM
DGRO8990
Diameter growth 1989 – 1990
Floating point
-2.8 – 34.2
-999
BN
DGRO9091
Diameter growth 1990 – 1991
Floating point
-2.1 – 30.5
-999
BO
DGRO9192
Diameter growth 1991 – 1992
Floating point
-3.3 – 26.9
-999
BP
DGRO9293
Diameter growth 1992 – 1993
Floating point
-3.2 – 27.3
-999
BQ
DGRO9394
Diameter growth 1993 – 1994
Floating point
-5.0 – 29.6
-999
BR
DGRO9495
Diameter growth 1994 – 1995
Floating point
-4.9 – 24.9
-999
BS
DGRO9596
Diameter growth 1995 – 1996
Floating point
-1.0 – 35.6
-999
BT
DGRO9697
Diameter growth 1996 – 1997
Floating point
-1.0 – 25.4
-999
BU
DGRO9798
Diameter growth 1997 – 1998
Floating point
-3.0 – 24.3
-999
BV
DGRO9899
Diameter growth 1998 – 1999
Floating point
-1.1 – 30.1
-999
BW
DGRO9900
Diameter growth 1999 – 2000
Floating point
-2.0 – 39.4
-999
BX
HOW83
Method of diameter measurement 1983
Character
See IV.B.BX
-999
BY
HOW84
Method of diameter measurement 1984
Character
See IV.B.BY
-999
BZ
HOW85
Method of diameter measurement 1985
Character
See IV.B.BZ
-999
CA
HOW86
Method of diameter measurement 1986
Character
See IV.B.CA
-999
CB
HOW87
Method of diameter measurement 1987
Character
See IV.B.CB
-999
CC
HOW88
Method of diameter measurement 1988
Character
See IV.B.CC
-999
CD
HOW89
Method of diameter measurement 1989
Character
See IV.B.CD
-999
CE
HOW90
Method of diameter measurement 1990
Character
See IV.B.CE
-999
CF
HOW91
Method of diameter measurement 1991
Character
See IV.B.CF
-999
CG
HOW92
Method of diameter measurement 1992
Character
See IV.B.CG
-999
CH
HOW93
Method of diameter measurement 1993
Character
See IV.B.CH
-999
CI
HOW94
Method of diameter measurement 1994
Character
See IV.B.CI
-999
CJ
HOW95
Method of diameter measurement 1995
Character
See IV.B.CJ
-999
CK
HOW96
Method of diameter measurement 1996
Character
See IV.B.CK
-999
CL
HOW97
Method of diameter measurement 1997
Character
See IV.B.CL
-999
CM
HOW98
Method of diameter measurement 1998
Character
See IV.B.CM
-999
CN
HOW99
Method of diameter measurement 1999
Character
See IV.B.CN
-999
CO
HOW00
Method of diameter measurement 2000
Character
See IV.B.CO
-999
CP
HTMED83
Point of Measurement Height 1983
Character
See IV.B.CP
-999
CQ
HTMED84
Point of Measurement Height 1984
Character
See IV.B.CQ
-999
CR
HTMED85
Point of Measurement Height 1985
Character
See IV.B.CR
-999
CS
HTMED86
Point of Measurement Height 1986
Character
See IV.B.CS
-999
CT
HTMED87
Point of Measurement Height 1987
Character
See IV.B.CT
-999
CU
HTMED88
Point of Measurement Height 1988
Character
See IV.B.CU
-999
CV
HTMED89
Point of Measurement Height 1989
Character
See IV.B.CV
-999
CW
HTMED90
Point of Measurement Height 1990
Character
See IV.B.CW
-999
CX
HTMED91
Point of Measurement Height 1991
Character
See IV.B.CX
-999
CY
HTMED92
Point of Measurement Height 1992
Character
See IV.B.CY
-999
CZ
HTMED93
Point of Measurement Height 1993
Character
See IV.B.CZ
-999
DA
HTMED94
Point of Measurement Height 1994
Character
See IV.B.DA
-999
DB
HTMED95
Point of Measurement Height 1995
Character
See IV.B.DB
-999
DC
HTMED96
Point of Measurement Height 1996
Character
See IV.B.DC
-999
DD
HTMED97
Point of Measurement Height 1997
Character
See IV.B.DD
-999
DE
HTMED98
Point of Measurement Height 1998
Character
See IV.B.DE
-999
DF
HTMED99
Point of Measurement Height 1999
Character
See IV.B.DF
-999
DG
HTMED00
Point of Measurement Height 2000
Character
See IV.B.DG
-999
DH
DATE83
Date measured in 1983
Character
See IV.B.DH
7/7/1977
DI
DATE84
Date measured in 1984
Character
See IV.B.DI
7/7/1977
DJ
DATE85
Date measured in 1985
Character
See IV.B.DJ
7/7/1977
DK
DATE86
Date measured in 1986
Character
See IV.B.DK
7/7/1977
DL
DATE87
Date measured in 1987
Character
See IV.B.DL
7/7/1977
DM
DATE88
Date measured in 1988
Character
See IV.B.DM
7/7/1977
DN
DATE89
Date measured in 1989
Character
See IV.B.DN
7/7/1977
DO
DATE90
Date measured in 1990
Character
See IV.B.DO
7/7/1977
DP
DATE91
Date measured in 1991
Character
See IV.B.DP
7/7/1977
DQ
DATE92
Date measured in 1992
Character
See IV.B.DQ
7/7/1977
DR
DATE93
Date measured in 1993
Character
See IV.B.DR
7/7/1977
DS
DATE94
Date measured in 1994
Character
See IV.B.DS
7/7/1977
DT
DATE95
Date measured in 1995
Character
See IV.B.DT
7/7/1977
DU
DATE96
Date measured in 1996
Character
See IV.B.DU
7/7/1977
DV
DATE97
Date measured in 1997
Character
See IV.B.DV
7/7/1977
DW
DATE98
Date measured in 1998
Character
See IV.B.DW
7/7/1977
DX
DATE99
Date measured in 1999
Character
See IV.B.DX
7/7/1977
DY
DATE00
Date measured in 2000
Character
See IV.B.DY
7/7/1977
DZ
STMCON84
Stem condition in 1984
Character
See IV.B.DZ
-999
EA
STMCON85
Stem condition in 1985
Character
See IV.B.EA
-999
EB
STMCON86
Stem condition in 1986
Character
See IV.B.EB
-999
EC
STMCON87
Stem condition in 1987
Character
See IV.B.EC
-999
ED
STMCON88
Stem condition in 1988
Character
See IV.B.ED
-999
EE
STMCON89
Stem condition in 1989
Character
See IV.B.EE
-999
EF
STMCON90
Stem condition in 1990
Character
See IV.B.EF
-999
EG
STMCON91
Stem condition in 1991
Character
See IV.B.EG
-999
EH
STMCON92
Stem condition in 1992
Character
See IV.B.EH
-999
EI
STMCON93
Stem condition in 1993
Character
See IV.B.EI
-999
EJ
STMCON94
Stem condition in 1994
Character
See IV.B.EJ
-999
EK
STMCON95
Stem condition in 1995
Character
See IV.B.EK
-999
EL
STMCON96
Stem condition in 1996
Character
See IV.B.EL
-999
EM
STMCON97
Stem condition in 1997
Character
See IV.B.EM
-999
EN
STMCON98
Stem condition in 1998
Character
See IV.B.EN
-999
EO
STMCON99
Stem condition in 1999
Character
See IV.B.EO
-999
EP
STMCON00
Stem condition in 2000
Character
See IV.B.EP
-999
EQ
CRNPO83
Crown position in 1983
Floating point
1.5 – 5.0
-999
ER
CRNPO84
Crown position in 1984
Floating point
1.5 – 5.0
-999
ES
CRNPO85
Crown position in 1985
Floating point
1.5 – 5.0
-999
ET
CRNPO86
Crown position in 1986
Floating point
1.5 – 5.0
-999
EU
CRNPO87
Crown position in 1987
Floating point
1.5 – 5.0
-999
EV
CRNPO88
Crown position in 1988
Floating point
1.5 – 5.0
-999
EW
CRNPO89
Crown position in 1989
Floating point
1.5 – 5.0
-999
EX
CRNPO90
Crown position in 1990
Floating point
1.5 – 5.0
-999
EY
CRNPO91
Crown position in 1991
Floating point
1.5 – 5.0
-999
EZ
CRNPO92
Crown position in 1992
Floating point
1.5 – 5.0
-999
FA
CRNPO93
Crown position in 1993
Floating point
1.5 – 5.0
-999
FB
CRNPO94
Crown position in 1994
Floating point
1.5 – 5.0
-999
FC
CRNPO95
Crown position in 1995
Floating point
1.5 – 5.0
-999
FD
CRNPO96
Crown position in 1996
Floating point
1.5 – 5.0
-999
FE
CRNPO97
Crown position in 1987
Floating point
1.5 – 5.0
-999
FF
CRNPO98
Crown position in 1998
Floating point
1.5 – 5.0
-999
FG
CRNPO99
Crown position in 1999
Floating point
1.5 – 5.0
-999
FH
CRNPO00
Crown position in 2000
Floating point