Alan R. Townsend, Cory C. Cleveland, Gregory P. Asner, and Mercedes M. C. Bustamante. 2007. Controls over foliar N:P ratios in tropical rain forests. Ecology 88:107–118.

Appendix B. Mean foliar N:P values, latitude, and mean annual rainfall for 45 evergreen tropical forests. In some cases, multiple sites are reported for the same general area (e.g., San Carlos, Venezuela, Maui, Panama, the Osa Peninsula of Costa Rica); each of these represent distinct sites that differ from each other in some significant state factor (e.g., rainfall and/or soil type).

References Cited

Baruch, Z., and G. Goldstein. 1999. Leaf construction cost, nutrient concentration, and net CO₂ assimilation of native and invasive species in Hawaii. Oecologia 121:183–192.

Chuyong, C. B., D. M. Newbery, and N. C. Songwe. 2000. Litter nutrients and retranslocation in a central African rain forest dominated by ectomycorrhizal trees. New Phytologist 148:493–510.

Cuevas, E., and H. Klinge. 1986. Bana: Biomass, nutrient content, litterfall and decomposition. Report of the San Carlos del Rio Negro Project.  IVIC, Venezuela.

Davidson, R., D. Gagnon, and Y. Mauffette. 1999. Growth and mineral nutrition of the native trees Pollalesta discolor and the N-fixing Inga densiflora in relation to the soil properties of a degraded volcanic soil of the Ecuadorian Amazon. Plant and Soil 208:135–147.

Folster, H., G. Delassalas, and P. Khanna. 1976. Tropical Evergreen Forest Site With Perched Water Table, Magdalena-Valley, Columbia Biomass And Bioelement Inventory Of Primary And Secondary Vegetation. Oecologia Plantarum 11:297–320.

Greenland, D. J., and J. M. L. Kowal. 1960. Nutrient content of the moist tropical forest of Ghana. Plant and Soil 12:154–173.

Grimm, U., and H. W. Fassbender. 1981. Biochemical Cycles In A Forest Ecosystem In The Western Andes Of Venezuela.1. Inventory Of Organic And Mineral Reserves (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Mn, Fe, Al, Na). Turrialba 31:27–37.

Grubb, P. J., and P. J. Edwards. 1982. Studies Of Mineral Cycling In A Montane Rain-Forest In New-Guinea.3. The Distribution Of Mineral Elements In The Above-Ground Material. Journal of Ecology 70:623–648.

Han, W., J. Fang, D. Guo and Y. Zhang. 2005. Leaf nitrogen and phosphorus stoichiometry across 753 terrestrial plant species in China.  New Phytologist 168:377–385.

Hase, H., and H. Folster. 1982. Bioelement Inventory Of A Tropical (Semi) Evergreen Seasonal Forest On Eutrophic Alluvial Soils, Western Llanos, Venezuela. Acta Oecologica-Oecologia Plantarum 3:331–346.

Hiremath, A. J., J. J. Ewel, and T. G. Cole. 2002. Nutrient use efficiency in three fast-growing tropical trees. Forest Science 48:662–672.

Johnson, C. M., I. C. G. Vieira, D. J. Zarin, J. Frizano, and A. H. Johnson. 2001. Carbon and nutrient storage in primary and secondary forests in eastern Amazonia. Forest Ecology and Management 147:245–252.

Klinge, H. 1984. Lowland Amazon forests:  bioelements and geochemistry. Pages 333–346 in, Proceedings 1st Simposio do Tropico Humido, Belem, Brasil.

Klinge, H. 1985. Foliar nutrient levels of native tree species from Central Amazonia. 2.  Campina. Amazoniana 9:105–117.

Maghembe, J. A., and H. Prins. 1994. Performance Of Multipurpose Trees For Agroforestry 2 Years After Planting At Makoka, Malawi. Forest Ecology and Management 64:171–182.

Martinelli, L. A., S. Almeida, I. F. Brown, M. Z. Moreira, R. L. Victoria, S. Filoso, C. A. C. Ferreira, and W. W. Thomas. 2000. Variation in nutrient distribution and potential nutrient losses by selective logging in a humid tropical forest of Rondonia, Brazil. Biotropica 32:597–613.

Medina, E. 1984. Nutrient balance and physiological processes at the leaf level. Pages 134–154 in E. Medina, H. A. Mooney, and C. Vazquez-Yanez, editors, Physiological Ecology of Plants of the Wet Tropics. Junk, The Hague.

Nye, P. H. 1958. The relative importance of fallows and soils in storing plant nutrients in Ghana. J. West African Science Association. 4:31–50.

Peace, W. J. H., and F. D. Macdonald. 1981. An Investigation Of The Leaf Anatomy, Foliar Mineral Levels, And Water Relations Of Trees Of A Sarawak Forest. Biotropica 13:100–109.

Sanchez, M. J., E. Lopez, and A. E. Lugo. 1997. Chemical and Physical Analyses of Selected Plants and Soils from Puerto Rico. U.S. Dept. of Agric., For. Serv., Int. Inst. of Trop. For.

Santiago, L. S., E. A. G. Schuur, and K. Silvera. 2005. Nutrient cycling and plant-soil feedbacks along a precipitation gradient in lowland Panama. Journal of Tropical Ecology 21:461–470.

Schuur, E. A. G., and P. A. Matson. 2001. Net primary productivity and nutrient cycling across a mesic to wet precipitation gradient in Hawaiian montane forest. Oecologia 128:431–442.

Tanner, E. V. J. 1977. 4 Montane Rain Forests Of Jamaica - Quantitative Characterization Of Floristics, Soils And Foliar Mineral Levels, And A Discussion Of Interrelations. Journal of Ecology 65:883–918.

Thompson, J., J. Proctor, V. Viana, W. Milliken, J. A. Ratter, and D. A. Scott. 1992. Ecological-Studies On A Lowland Evergreen Rain-Forest On Maraca Island, Roraima, Brazil.1. Physical-Environment, Forest Structure And Leaf Chemistry. Journal of Ecology 80:689–703.

Vera, M., J. Cavelier, and J. Santamaria. 1999. Tree leaf nitrogen and phosphorus reabsorption in a montane forest of the central Andes, Colombia. Revista De Biologia Tropical 47:33–43.

Vitousek, P. M., D. R. Turner, and K. Kitayama. 1995. Foliar Nutrients During Long-Term Soil Development In Hawaiian Montane Rain-Forest. Ecology 76:712–720.