Ecological Archives E088-019-A1

**Craig R. White, Phillip Cassey, and Tim M. Blackburn. 2007. Allometric exponents do not support a universal metabolic allometry. Ecology 88:315–323.**

Appendix A (Table A1). A summary of data used in meta-analysis. See Notes at end of table for details.

Group	Subset	Thermoregulation	State	n	OLS b	OLS r²	RMA b	PC b	PC r²	Reference
Amphibians	Hylidae	Ectothermic	exercise	15	0.87	0.9	0.92	0.96		Walton 1993
Amphibians	All	Ectothermic	rest	158	0.88	0.88	0.94			White et al. 2006
Amphibians	Hylidae	Ectothermic	rest	15	0.78	0.78	0.88	0.84		Walton 1993
Arthropods	All	Ectothermic	exercise	56	0.87	0.96	0.89			Niven and Scharlemann 2005
Arthropods	All	Ectothermic	exercise	54	0.82	0.87	0.88			CRW and RS Seymour (unpublished)
Arthropods	Moths	Ectothermic	exercise	56	0.82	0.82	0.9			Bartholomew and Casey 1978
Arthropods	Orchid bees	Ectothermic	exercise	18	0.69	0.95	0.71	0.725		Darveau et al. 2005
Arthropods	Insects that fly	Ectothermic	rest	61	0.66	0.9	0.7			Niven and Scharlemann 2005
Arthropods	Ants	Ectothermic	rest	17	0.8	0.87	0.86			Lighton and Fielden 1995
Arthropods	Cockroaches	Ectothermic	rest	11	0.78	0.95	0.8			Coelho and Moore 1989
Arthropods	Insects	Ectothermic	rest	346	0.77					Addo-Bediako et al. 2002
Arthropods	non-tick, non scorpion	Ectothermic	rest	86	0.86					Lighton et al. 2001
Arthropods	'Routinely flighted'	Ectothermic	rest	39	0.75	0.88	0.8			CRW and RS Seymour (unpublished)
Arthropods	Scorpions	Ectothermic	rest	9	0.9	0.953	0.92			Lighton et al. 2001
Arthropods	Scorpions	Ectothermic	rest	8	0.83	0.997	0.83			CRW and RS Seymour (unpublished)
Arthropods	Spider	Ectothermic	rest	52	0.79	0.78	0.89			Lighton and Fielden 1995
Arthropods	Tenebrionid beetles	Ectothermic	rest	14	0.94	0.89	1			Lighton and Fielden 1995
Arthropods	Ticks	Ectothermic	rest	9	0.57	0.86	0.61			Lighton and Fielden 1995
Arthropods	Ticks	Ectothermic	rest	8	0.59	0.871	0.63			CRW and RS Seymour (unpublished)
Arthropods	'Typical'	Ectothermic	rest	143	0.78	0.929	0.81			CRW and RS Seymour (unpublished)
Birds	Non-passerines (0 ºC)	Endothermic	daily	40	0.53	0.948	0.55			Kendeigh et al. 1977
Birds	Non-passerines (30 ºC)	Endothermic	daily	40	0.63	0.957	0.64			Kendeigh et al. 1977
Birds	Passerines (0 ºC)	Endothermic	daily	71	0.52	0.988	0.53			Kendeigh et al. 1977
Birds	Passerines (30 ºC)	Endothermic	daily	71	0.66	0.955	0.68			Kendeigh et al. 1977
Birds	All	Endothermic	rest	42	0.64	0.965	0.65	0.72		Rezende et al. 2002
Birds	All	Endothermic	rest	120	0.67					Lasiewski and Dawson 1967
Birds	All	Endothermic	rest	126	0.67	0.941	0.69	0.68		McKechnie and Wolf 2004
Birds	All	Endothermic	rest	82	0.64	0.96	0.65	0.68	0.89	Tieleman and Williams 2000
Birds	All	Endothermic	rest	254	0.67	0.958	0.68	0.64	0.87	Reynolds and Lee 1996
Birds	All	Endothermic	rest	10	0.76	0.794	0.8	0.78	0.84	Dutenhoffer and Swanson 1996
Birds	All	Endothermic	rest	28	0.68	0.972	0.69	0.68	0.95	Ricklefs and Starck 1996
Birds	All	Endothermic	rest	67	0.65			0.63		CRW, TMB, GR Martin, PJ Butler (unpublished)
Birds	Altricial	Endothermic	rest	26	0.68	0.973	0.69			Daan et al. 1990
Birds	Anatids	Endothermic	rest	27	0.78					McNab 2003a
Birds	birds of paradise	Endothermic	rest	13	0.89					McNab 2005
Birds	Desert	Endothermic	rest	21	0.64			0.7	0.96	Tieleman and Williams 2000
Birds	Migrating waders	Endothermic	rest	19	0.6	0.937	0.62			Kvist and Lindström 2001
Birds	Non-desert	Endothermic	rest	61	0.64			0.62	0.8	Tieleman and Williams 2000
Birds	Non-passerine	Endothermic	rest	15	0.73					Aschoff and Pohl 1970
Birds	Non-passerines	Endothermic	rest	72	0.72					Lasiewski and Dawson 1967
Birds	Non-passerines	Endothermic	rest	77	0.73	0.969	0.75			Kendeigh et al. 1977
Birds	Passerine	Endothermic	rest	14	0.73					Aschoff and Pohl 1970
Birds	Passerines	Endothermic	rest	48	0.72					Lasiewski and Dawson 1967
Birds	Passerines, Summer	Endothermic	rest	41	0.69	0.982	0.69			Kendeigh et al. 1977
Birds	Passerines, Winter	Endothermic	rest	35	0.66	0.982	0.66			Kendeigh et al. 1977
Birds	Pigeons	Endothermic	rest	27	0.61	0.873	0.65			McNab 2000
Birds	All	Endothermic	exercise	33	0.8	0.86	0.87			Norberg 1996
Birds	Hummingbirds	Endothermic	exercise	10	0.93	0.961	0.95			Voigt and Winter 1999
Birds	All	Endothermic	field	132	0.77			0.67		Anderson and Jetz 2005
Birds	All	Endothermic	field	95	0.68					Nagy 2005
Birds	All	Endothermic	field	81	0.7	0.93	0.73	0.67	0.85	Tieleman and Williams 2000
Birds	All	Endothermic	field	28	0.7	0.966	0.71	0.65	0.93	Ricklefs and Starck 1996
Birds	Altricial	Endothermic	field	26	0.66	0.967	0.67			Daan et al. 1990
Birds	Desert	Endothermic	field	15	0.7			0.69	0.96	Tieleman and Williams 2000
Birds	Non-desert	Endothermic	field	66	0.7			0.68	0.83	Tieleman and Williams 2000
Birds	All	Endothermic	thermogenic	42	0.6	0.967	0.61	0.65		Rezende et al. 2002
Birds	All	Endothermic	thermogenic	10	0.72	0.676	0.92	0.76	0.74	Dutenhoffer and Swanson 1996
Birds	Penguins	Endothermic	exercise	11	0.75					Green et al. 2005
Birds	All	Endothermic	rest	45	0.68	0.95	0.7	0.68	0.84	Frappell et al. 2001
Birds	Penguins	Endothermic	rest	11	0.75					Green et al. 2005
Birds	All	Endothermic	rest	83	0.64	0.95	0.66			White et al. 2006
Fish	Gymnotiform	Ectothermic		23	0.73	0.86	0.79			Julian et al. 2003
Fish	All	Ectothermic	rest	82	0.88	0.92	0.92			White et al. 2006
Fish	All	Ectothermic	rest	69	0.8					Clarke and Johnston 1999
Mammals	Rodents	Endothermic	daily	53	0.52	0.88	0.55	0.53	0.85	Degen et al. 1998
Mammals	Afrotropical	Endothermic	rest	112	0.77	0.961	0.79			Lovegrove 2000
Mammals	all	Endothermic	rest	391	0.71	0.95	0.73			Heusner 1991
Mammals	All	Endothermic	rest	293	0.69	0.748	0.8			Hayssen and Lacy 1985
Mammals	All	Endothermic	rest	571	0.69	0.94	0.71	0.71		White and Seymour 2005; CRW, TMB, PC Withers, RS Seymour (unpublished)
Mammals	All	Endothermic	rest	33	0.75	0.96	0.77	0.76	0.86	Ricklefs and Starck 1996
Mammals	All	Endothermic	rest	32	0.76	0.99	0.76			Benedict 1938
Mammals	All	Endothermic	rest	69	0.73	0.996	0.73			Brody 1945
Mammals	All	Endothermic	rest	13	0.74	0.999	0.74			Kleiber 1932
Mammals	All	Endothermic	rest	112	0.73	0.95	0.75	0.72		Symonds and Elgar 2002
Mammals	All wild	Endothermic	rest	321	0.71	0.955	0.73			McNab 1988
Mammals	Australasian	Endothermic	rest	71	0.7	0.975	0.71			Lovegrove 2000
Mammals	Bats	Endothermic	rest	70	0.77	0.91	0.81	0.76	0.84	Cruz-Neto and Jones 2005
Mammals	excluding outliers	Endothermic	rest	366	0.68	0.948	0.7			Heusner 1991
Mammals	Indomalayan	Endothermic	rest	18	0.68	0.964	0.69			Lovegrove 2000
Mammals	Marsupials	Endothermic	rest	59	0.73	0.988	0.73			Withers et al. 2000
Mammals	Nearctic	Endothermic	rest	123	0.73	0.939	0.75			Lovegrove 2000
Mammals	Neotropical	Endothermic	rest	120	0.67	0.962	0.68			Lovegrove 2000
Mammals	Palearctic	Endothermic	rest	43	0.64	0.897	0.68			Lovegrove 2000
Mammals	Phyllostomid bats	Endothermic	rest	30	0.75					McNab 2003b
Mammals	Rodents	Endothermic	rest	57	0.66	0.903	0.69	0.69		Rezende et al. 2004
Mammals	Small (< 1 kg)	Endothermic	rest	267	0.64	0.837	0.7	0.68	0.68	Lovegrove 2003
Mammals	Bats	Endothermic	exercise	3	0.95	0.996	0.95			Voigt and Winter 1999
Mammals	All	Endothermic	field	111	0.62			0.73		Anderson and Jetz 2005
Mammals	All	Endothermic	field	79	0.73					Nagy 2005
Mammals	All	Endothermic	field	33	0.68	0.93	0.71	0.72	0.74	Ricklefs and Starck 1996
Mammals	All	Endothermic	thermogenic	70	0.65	0.92	0.68			White and Seymour 2005
Mammals	Rodents	Endothermic	thermogenic	57	0.66	0.885	0.7	0.7		Rezende et al. 2004
Mammals	All	Endothermic	exercise	34	0.87	0.965	0.89			Weibel et al. 2004
Mammals	Athletic	Endothermic	exercise	10	0.94	0.986	0.95			Weibel et al. 2004
Mammals	Non-Athletic	Endothermic	exercise	14	0.85	0.992	0.85			Weibel et al. 2004
Mammals	All	Endothermic	rest	10	0.73	0.997	0.73			Lindstedt and Schaeffer 2002
Mammals	Eutherian	Endothermic	rest	42	0.66	0.922	0.69			Mortola and Lanthier 2004
Mammals	All	Endothermic		19	0.75	0.99	0.75			White and Seymour 2005
Mammals	All	Endothermic	rest	456	0.68	0.96	0.69			White et al. 2006
Mammals	Carnivora	Endothermic	rest	38	0.73	0.94	0.75			White and Seymour 2004
Mammals	Chiroptera	Endothermic	rest	67	0.7	0.93	0.73			White and Seymour 2004
Mammals	Dasyuromorpha	Endothermic	rest	21	0.71	0.98	0.72			White and Seymour 2004
Mammals	Didelphimorphia	Endothermic	rest	11	0.73	0.99	0.74			White and Seymour 2004
Mammals	Diprotodontia	Endothermic	rest	18	0.68	0.98	0.69			White and Seymour 2004
Mammals	Hibernating	Ectothermic	rest	59	0.87	0.9	0.92			White and Seymour 2005
Mammals	Insectivora	Endothermic	rest	18	0.57	0.83	0.63			White and Seymour 2004
Mammals	Monotremata	Endothermic	rest	4	0.82	0.99	0.82			White and Seymour 2004
Mammals	Primates	Endothermic	rest	14	0.79	0.96	0.8			White and Seymour 2004
Mammals	Rodentia	Endothermic	rest	233	0.67	0.92	0.7			White and Seymour 2004
Mammals	Torpid	Ectothermic	rest	30	0.67	0.86	0.72			White and Seymour 2005
Mammals	Xenarthra	Endothermic	rest	15	0.67	0.93	0.69			White and Seymour 2004
Reptiles	All	Ectothermic	field	55	0.89					Nagy 2005
Reptiles	Agamidae	Ectothermic	rest	10	0.75	0.938	0.77			Frappell and Daniels 1991
Reptiles	Agamidae	Ectothermic	rest	10	0.81	0.961	0.83			Frappell and Daniels 1991
Reptiles	All	Ectothermic	rest	159	0.76	0.91	0.8			White et al. 2006
Reptiles	Boid snakes	Ectothermic	rest	34	0.81	0.967	0.82			Chappell and Ellis 1987
Reptiles	Lizards (20 ºC)	Ectothermic	rest	24	0.8	0.967	0.81			Bennett and Dawson 1976
Reptiles	Lizards (30 ºC)	Ectothermic	rest	24	0.83	0.985	0.84			Bennett and Dawson 1976
Reptiles	Lizards (37 ºC)	Ectothermic	rest	24	0.82	0.976	0.83			Bennett and Dawson 1976
Reptiles	Snakes (20 ºC)	Ectothermic	rest	35	0.77	0.946	0.79			Bennett and Dawson 1976
Reptiles	Snakes (30 ºC)	Ectothermic	rest	13	0.76	0.98	0.77			Bennett and Dawson 1976
Reptiles	Turtles (20 ºC)	Ectothermic	rest	10	0.86	0.983	0.87			Bennett and Dawson 1976
Unicells	Algae	Ectothermic	rest	178	0.88	0.81	0.98			Tang and Peters 1995
Unicells	All	Ectothermic	rest	16	0.73	0.941	0.75			Prothero 1986
Unicells	All?	Ectothermic	rest	67	0.83					Robinson et al. 1983
Unicells	No bacteria, flagellates	Ectothermic	rest	6	0.65	0.774	0.73			Prothero 1986
Unicells	Phytoplankton	Ectothermic	rest	11	1.13	0.846	1.23			Lewis 1989

Notes: Allometric exponents (b) calculated as the slope of the relationship between log(metabolic rate) and log(mass). Regressions were calculated using ordinary least squares (OLS), reduced major axis (RMA) and phylogenetically correct (PC) regression methods. Group and subset describe the taxonomic composition of the species in a relationship. Thermoregulation is the thermoregulatory strategy of the group in question (endothermic or ectothermic). State is the metabolic level at which species were measured (daily [average daily metabolic rate], exercise [flight metabolic rate or exercise-induced maximum metabolic rate], field [field metabolic rate], rest [basal or resting metabolic rate], thermogenic [cold-induced maximum metabolic rate]). n is the number of measurements included in the relationship.

LITERATURE CITED

Addo-Bediako, A., S. L. Chown, and K. J. Gaston. 2002. Metabolic cold adaptation in insects: a large-scale perspective. Functional Ecology 16:332–338.

Anderson, K. J., and W. Jetz. 2005. The broad-scale ecology of energy expenditure of endotherms. Ecology Letters 8:310–318.

Aschoff, J., and H. Pohl. 1970. Rhythmic variations in energy metabolism. Federation Proceedings 29:1541–1552.

Bartholomew, G. A., and T. M. Casey. 1978. Oxygen consumption of moths during rest, pre-flight warm-up, and flight in relation to body size and wing morphology. Journal of Experimental Biology 76:11–25.

Benedict, F. G. 1938. Vital energetics: A study in comparative basal metabolism. Carnegie Institution of Washington, Washington, D.C., USA.

Bennett, A. F., and W. R. Dawson. 1976. Metabolism. in C. Gans and W. R. Dawson, editors. Biology of the Reptilia. Academic Press, New York, New York, USA.

Brody, S. 1945. Bioenergetics and growth. Reinhold Publishing Corporation, New York, New York, USA.

Chappell, M. A., and T. M. Ellis. 1987. Resting metabolic rates in boid snakes: Allometric relationships and temperature effects. Journal of Comparative Physiology B 157:227–236.

Clarke, A., and N. M. Johnston. 1999. Scaling of metabolic rate with body mass and temperature in teleost fish. Journal of Animal Ecology 68:893–905.

Coelho, J. R., and A. J. Moore. 1989. Allometry of resting metabolic rate in cockroaches. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A 94:587–590.

Cruz-Neto, A. P., and K. E. Jones. 2005. Exploring the evolution of basal rate of metabolism in bats. in G. F. Zubaid, G. F. McCracken, and T. H. Kunz, editors. Functional and evolutionary ecology of bats. Oxford University Press, New York, New York, USA.

Daan, S., D. Masman, and A. Groenewold. 1990. Avian basal metabolic rates: their association with body composition and energy expenditure in nature. American Journal of Physiology 259:R333–R340.

Darveau, C. A., P. W. Hochachka, K. C. Welch, D. W. Roubik, and R. K. Suarez. 2005. Allometric scaling of flight energetics in Panamanian orchid bees: a comparative phylogenetic approach. Journal of Experimental Biology 208:3581–3591.

Degen, A. A., M. Kam, I. S. Khokhlova, B. R. Krasnov, and T. G. Barraclough. 1998. Average daily metabolic rate of rodents: Habitat and dietary comparisons. Functional Ecology 12:63–73.

Dutenhoffer, M. S., and D. L. Swanson. 1996. Relationship of basal to summit metabolic rate in passerine birds and the aerobic capacity model for the evolution of endothermy. Physiological Zoology 69:1232–1254.

Frappell, P. B., and C. B. Daniels. 1991. Ventilation and oxygen consumption in Agamid lizards. Physiological Zoology 64:985–1001.

Frappell, P. B., D. S. Hinds, and D. F. Boggs. 2001. Scaling of respiratory variables and the breathing pattern in birds: An allometric and phylogenetic approach. Physiological and Biochemical Zoology 74:75–89.

Green, J. A., C. R. White, and P. J. Butler. 2005. Allometric estimation of metabolic rate from heart rate in penguins. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A. 142: 478–484.

Hayssen, V., and R. C. Lacy. 1985. Basal metabolic rates in mammals: Taxonomic differences in the allometry of BMR and body mass. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A 81:741–754.

Heusner, A. A. 1991. Size and power in mammals. Journal of Experimental Biology 160:25–54.

Julian, D., W. G. R. Crampton, S. E. Wohlgemuth, and J. S. Albert. 2003. Oxygen consumption in weakly electric Neotropical fishes. Oecologia 137:502–511.

Kendeigh, S. C., V. R. Dol'nik, and V. M. Gavrilov. 1977. Avian energetics. Pages 127–204 in J. Pinowski and S. C. Kendeigh, editors. Granivorous birds in ecosystems: their evolution, populations, energetics, adaptations, impact and control. Cambridge University Press, New York, New York, USA.

Kleiber, M. 1932. Body size and metabolism. Hilgardia 6:315–353.

Kvist, A., and L. Lindström. 2001. Basal metabolic rate in migratory waders: intra-individual, intraspecific, interspecific and seasonal variation. Functional Ecology 15:465–473.

Lasiewski, R. C., and W. R. Dawson. 1967. A re-examination of the relation between standard metabolic rate and body weight in birds. Condor 69:13–23.

Lewis, W. M. 1989. Further evidence for anomalous size scaling of respiration in phytoplankton. Journal of Phycology 25:395–397.

Lighton, J. R. B., P. H. Brownell, B. Joos, and R. J. Turner. 2001. Low metabolic rate in scorpions: Implications for population biomass and cannibalism. Journal of Experimental Biology 204:607–613.

Lighton, J. R. B., and L. J. Fielden. 1995. Mass scaling of standard metabolism in ticks: A valid case of low metabolic rates in sit-and-wait strategists. Physiological Zoology 68:43–62.

Lindstedt, S. L., and P. J. Schaeffer. 2002. Use of allometry in predicting anatomical and physiological parameters of mammals. Laboratory Animals 36:1–19.

Lovegrove, B. G. 2000. The zoogeography of mammalian basal metabolic rate. American Naturalist 156:201–219.

Lovegrove, B. G. 2003. The influence of climate on the basal metabolic rate of small mammals: a slow-fast metabolic continuum. Journal of Comparative Physiology B 173:87–112.

McKechnie, A. E., and B. O. Wolf. 2004. The allometry of avian basal metabolic rate: Good predictions need good data. Physiological and Biochemical Zoology 77:502–521.

McNab, B. K. 1988. Complications inherent in scaling the basal rate of metabolism in mammals. Quarterly Review of Biology 63:25–54.

McNab, B. K. 2000. The influence of body mass, climate, and distribution on the energetics of South Pacific pigeons. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A 127:309–329.

McNab, B. K. 2003a. The energetics of New Zealand's Ducks. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A 135:229–247.

McNab, B. K. 2003b. Standard energetics of phyllostomid bats: the inadequacies of phylogenetic-contrast analyses. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A 135:357–368.

McNab, B. K. 2005. Food habits and the evolution of energetics in birds of paradise (Paradisaeidae). Journal of Comparative Physiology B 175:117–132.

Mortola, J. P., and C. Lanthier. 2004. Scaling the amplitudes of the circadian pattern of resting oxygen consumption, body temperature and heart rate in mammals. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A 139:83–95.

Nagy, K. A. 2005. Field metabolic rate and body size. Journal of Experimental Biology 208:1621–1625.

Niven, J. E., and J. P. W. Scharlemann. 2005. Do insect metabolic rates at rest and during flight scale with body mass? Biology Letters 1:346–349.

Norberg, U. M. 1996. The energetics of flight. Pages 199–249 in C. Carey, editor. Avian energetics and nutritional ecology. Chapman and Hall, New York, New York, USA.

Prothero, J. 1986. Scaling of energy metabolism in unicellular organisms: A re-analysis. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A 83:243–248.

Reynolds, P. S., and R. M. Lee, III. 1996. Phylogenetic analysis of avian energetics: Passerines and nonpasserines do not differ. American Naturalist 147:735–759.

Rezende, E. L., F. Bozinovic, and T. Garland, Jr. 2004. Climatic adaptation and the evolution of basal and maximum rates of metabolism in rodents. Evolution 58:1361–1374.

Rezende, E. L., D. L. Swanson, F. F. Novoa, and F. Bozinovic. 2002. Passerines versus nonpasserines: So far, no statistical differences in the scaling of avian energetics. Journal of Experimental Biology 205:101–107.

Ricklefs, R. E., and J. M. Starck. 1996. Applications of phylogenetically independent contrasts: a mixed progress report. Oikos 77:167–172.

Robinson, W. R., R. H. Peters, and J. Zimmermann. 1983. The effects of body size and temperature on metabolic rate of organisms. Canadian Journal of Zoology 61:281–288.

Symonds, M. R. E., and M. A. Elgar. 2002. Phylogeny affects estimation of metabolic scaling in mammals. Evolution 56:2330–2333.

Tang, E. P. Y., and R. H. Peters. 1995. The allometry of algal respiration. Journal of Plankton Research 17:303–315.

Tieleman, B. I., and J. B. Williams. 2000. The adjustment of avian metabolic rates and water fluxes to desert environments. Physiological and Biochemical Zoology 73:461–479.

Voigt, C. C., and Y. Winter. 1999. Energetic cost of hovering flight in nectar-feeding bats (Phyllostomidae: Glossophaginae) and its scaling in moths, birds and bats. Journal of Comparative Physiology B 169:38–48.

Walton, B. M. 1993. Physiology and phylogeny: the evolution of locomotor energetics in hylid frogs. American Naturalist 141:26–50.

Weibel, E. R., L. D. Bacigalupe, B. Schmidt, and H. Hoppeler. 2004. Allometric scaling of maximal metabolic rate in mammals: muscle aerobic capacity as a determinant factor. Respiration Physiology and Neurobiology 140:115–132.

White, C. R., N. F. Phillips, and R. S. Seymour. 2006. The scaling and temperature dependence of vertebrate metabolism. Biology Letters 2:125–127.

White, C. R., and R. S. Seymour. 2004. Does BMR contain a useful signal? Mammalian BMR allometry and correlations with a selection of physiological, ecological and life-history variables. Physiological and Biochemical Zoology 77:929–941.

White, C. R., and R. S. Seymour. 2005. Allometric scaling of mammalian metabolism. Journal of Experimental Biology 208:1611–1619.

Withers, P. C., G. G. Thompson, and R. S. Seymour. 2000. Metabolic physiology of the north-western marsupial mole, Notoryctes caurinus (Marsupialia: Notoryctidae). Australian Journal of Zoology 48:241–258.

[Back to E088-019]