Ecological Archives E088-037-A2

**Graciela García-Guzmán and Eduardo Morales. 2007. Life history strategies of plant pathogens: distribution patterns and phylogenetic analysis. Ecology 88:589–596.**

Appendix B. List of host plant species affected by (A) smut and rust diseases and (B) studies involving plant pathogens in Neotropical forests.

(A) Host plant species affected by smut and rust diseases
Host plant species	Plant Family	Plant life form	Plant distribution	Pathogen species	References
Flower Rust
Faramea occidentalis	Rubiaceae	Evergreen tree	Semi-evergreen rain forest	Aecidium farameae	Travers et al. 1998
Flower smut
Aegopogon cenchroides	Poaceae	Perennial grass	Disturbed areas, deciduous forest	Ustilago aegopogonis	Duran 1970; Espinosa-García and Sarukhán 1997
Andropogon bicornis	Poaceae	Perennial grass	Open areas	Sporisorium bicornis	Piepenbring 2002
Andropogon bicornis	Poaceae	Perennial grass	Open areas	Sporisorium holway	Piepenbring 2001
Andropogon gerardi	Poaceae	Perennial grass	Deciduous forest	Sphacelotheca andropogonis	Durán 1987
Artistida ternipes	Poaceae	Perennial grass	Disturbed areas, cloud forest	Ustilago aristidarius	Durán 1987
Bouteloua curtipendula	Poaceae	Perennial grass	Deciduous forest	Ustilago buchloës	Durán 1987
Bouteloua filiformis	Poaceae	Perennial grass	Disturbed areas	Ustilago neglecta	Durán 1987
Carex aztecica	Cyperaceae	Perennial sedge	Disturbed areas, humid forests	Farysia chardoniana	Durán 1987
Carex chordalis	Cyperaceae	Perennial sedge	Shorelines / Dense shade areas	Farysia corniculata	Piepenbring 1996, 2003
Carex polystachya	Cyperaceae	Perennial sedge	Disturbed areas	Farysia chardoniana	Piepenbring 2002
Cissus quadrialata	Vitaceae	Deciduous vine	Disturbed areas	Mycosyrinx cissi	Piepenbring 2002
Cissus sicyoides	Vitaceae	Deciduous vine	Disturbed areas	Mycosyrinx cissi	Mordue 1988; Piepenbring 1996, Durán 1987; Sánchez 1984
Cynodon dactylon	Poaceae	Perennial grass	Disturbed areas, deciduous forest	Ustilago cynodonthis	G. García-Guzmán, Unpublished data; Espinosa-García and Sarukhán 1997
Cyperus ferax	Cyperaceae	Perennial sedge	Shorelines	Cintractia limitata	Piepenbring 2002
Cyperus ligularis	Cyperaceae	Perennial sedge	Shorelines	Cintractia limitata	Piepenbring 2001
Cyperus ligularis	Cyperaceae	Perennial sedge	Sand dunes	Cintractia montagnei	Durán 1987
Cyperus rotundus	Cyperaceae	Perennial sedge	Disturbed areas, Evergreen forest	Cintractia limitata	Piepenbring 1996
Digitaria sanguinalis	Poaceae	Annual grass	Disturbed areas, deciduous forest	Ustilago syntherismae	Durán 1970
Fimbristylis dichotoma	Cyperaceae	Perennial sedge	Shorelines, deciduous forest	Cintractia clintonii	Durán 1987
Fimbristylis dichotoma	Cyperaceae	Perennial sedge	Shorelines	Cintractia axicola	Piepenbring 2001, 2002, 1996
Hackelochloa granularis	Poaceae	Annual grass	Disturbed areas, deciduous forests	Sporisorium reilianum	Durán 1987
Hilaria belangeri	Poaceae	Perennial grass	Disturbed areas, deciduous forest	Ustilago aegopogonis	Durán 1970
Iresine diffusa	Amaranthaceae	Deciduous vine	Disturbed areas , deciduous forest	Thecaphora haumani	Piepenbring 1996, 2003
Ixophorus unisetus	Poaceae	Perennial grass	Disturbed area, deciduous forest	Tilletia ixophori	Durán 1987
Ixophorus unisetus	Poaceae	Perennial grass	Disturbed area, deciduous forest	Ustilago ixophori	Durán 1987
Lycurus phleoides	Poaceae	Perennial grass	Shoreline, deciduous forest	Tilletia macrotuberculata	Durán 1987
Melampodium divaricatum	Asteraceae	Annual herb	Disturbed areas, humid forests	Thecaphora hennenea	Durán 1987
Oryza sativa	Poaceae	Annual grass	Shorelines	Tilletia barclayana	Piepenbring 2001
Panicum maximum	Poaceae	Perennial grass	Disturbed areas	Tilletia ayresii	Piepenbring 2001, 2002
Panicum viscidellum	Poaceae	Perennial grass	Disturbed areas, cloud forest	Sphacelotheca veracruziana	Durán 1987
Paspalum virgatum	Poaceae	Perennial grass	Disturbed area, semi-deciduous forest	Ustilago schroeteriana	Durán 1987 , Piepenbring 2001
Polygonum hispidum	Polygonaceae	Annual herb	Aquatic	Melanopsichium pennsylvanicum	Piepenbring 1996, 2003
Polygonum hydropiperoides	Polygonaceae	Perennial herb	Disturbed areas	Microbotryum tenuisporum	Piepenbring 2002
Polygonum punctatum	Polygonaceae	Annual herb	Open areas, wet soils	Sphacelotheca cf. hydropiperis	Piepenbring 2001; Espinosa-García and Sarukhán1997
Rhynchospora aurea	Cyperaceae	Perennial sedge	Shorelines	Cintractia leucoderma	Durán 1987
Rhynchospora barbata	Cyperaceae	Perennial sedge	Grasslands	Cintractia amazonica	Piepenbring 2002
Rhynchospora cephalotes	Cyperaceae	Perennial sedge	Evergreen rain forest borders and gaps	Moreaua rhynchosporae-cephalotis	Piepenbring 1996, 2003
Rhynchospora corymbosa	Cyperaceae	Perennial sedge	Shorelines	Trichocintractia utriculicola	Piepenbring 2001
Rhynchospora corymbosa	Cyperaceae	Perennial sedge	Open areas	Leucocintractia scleriae	Piepenbring 2001
Rhynchospora corymbosa	Cyperaceae	Perennial grass	Disturbed areas	Testicularia minor	Piepenbring 2002
Rhynchospora corymbosa	Cyperaceae	Perennial sedge	Open areas, moist forest	Cintractia scleriae	Piepenbring 1996
Rhynchospora holoschoenoides	Cyperaceae	Perennial marshy sedge	Swamps	Cintractia leucoderma	Piepenbring 1996
Rhynchospora tenuis	Cyperaceae	Perennial sedge	Grasslands	Cintractia taubertiana	Durán 1970, 1987
Scleria melaleuca		Perennial sedge	Shorelines	Aurantiosporium subnitens	Piepenbring 2001
Scleria melaleuca	Cyperaceae	Perennial sedge	Shorelines	Aurantiosporium subnitens	Piepenbring 2002, 2003
Stenotaphrum secundatum	Poaceae	Perennial grass	Sand dunes	Ustilago affinis	López and García 2002
Stipa setigera	Poaceae	Perennial grass	Open areas	Ustilago hypodytes	Piepenbring 2001
Urochloa fasciculata	Poaceae	Annual grass	Disturbed open areas	Sporisorium ovapium	Piepenbring 2001
Leaf / stem smut
Acmella oppositifolia var. oppositifolia	Asteraceae	Perennial herb	Wetlands	Entyloma spilanthis	Piepenbring 1996, 2003
Acmella papposa var. macrophylla	Asteraceae	Annual herb	Disturbed areas	Entyloma ecuadorense	Piepenbring 2001
Baltimora recta	Asteraceae	Annual herb	Secondary and deciduous forest	Thecophora neo-mexicana	Durán 1987
Baltimora recta	Asteraceae	Annual herb	Secondary and deciduous forest	Thecaphora pulcherrima	Durán 1970, 1987
Bidens pilosa	Asteraceae	Annual herb	Disturbed areas, cloud forest	Entyloma bidentis	Piepenbring 1996
Bidens pilosa	Asteraceae	Annual herb	Disturbed areas	Thecaphora pustulata	Piepenbring 1996, 2003
Browallia americana	Solanaceae	Annual herb	Disturbed areas	Entyloma browalliae	Piepenbring 2002
Cosmos sulphureus	Asteraceae	Annual herb	Deciduous forest	Entyloma calendulae	Durán 1987; Gilman and Howe 1999
Dahlia pinnata	Asteraceae	Deciduous shrub	Disturbed areas	Entyloma dahliae	Piepenbring 2002; Sánchez 1984
Diastatea micrantha	Campanulaceae	Annual herb	Disturbed areas	Entyloma diastatea	Piepenbring 1996, 2003; Espinosa-García and Sarukhán 1997
Galinsoga caracasana	Asteraceae	Annual herb	Disturbed areas	Entyloma galinsogae	Piepenbring 2002
Galinsoga parviflora var. híspida	Asteraceae	Annual herb	Open areas, deciduous forest	Entyloma galinsogae	Durán 1987; Calderón and Rzedowski, 2001
Gynerium argenteum	Poaceae	Perennial grass	Disturbed areas	Eballistra lineata	Piepenbring 2002
Holcus lanatus	Poaceae	Perennial grass	Disturbed areas	Ustilago striiformis	Piepenbring 1996, 2003
Limnocharis flava	Butomaceae	Perennial herb	Wet or inundated areas	Doassansiopsis limnocharidis	Piepenbring 1996, 2001, 2003
Nymphaea ampla	Nymphaeaceae	Perennial herb	Aquatic, deciduous forest	Rhamphospora nymphaeae	Piepenbring 1996
Oryza sativa	Poaceae	Annual grass	Shorelines	Ebailistra oryzae	Piepenbring 2001; Davidse et al. 1994
Physalis cordata	Solanaceae	Annual herb	Cloud forest	Entyloma australe	Piepenbring 1996
Polymnia riparia	Asteraceae	Deciduous shrub	Disturbed areas	Thecaphora polymniae	Piepenbring 2002
Ranunculus geranioides	Ranunculaceae	Perennial herb	Very wet open places	Entyloma microsporum	Piepenbring 1996, 2003
Ranunculus pilosus	Ranunculaceae	Perennial herb	Very wet open places	Urocystis ranunculi	Piepenbring 1996, 2003
Ranunculus pilosus	Ranunculaceae	Perennial herb	Very wet open places	Entyloma microsporum	Piepenbring 1996
Setaria paniculifera	Poaceae	Perennial grass	Shorelines	Tilletia ayresii	Piepenbring 2001
Smallanthus quichensis	Asteraceae	Perennial herb	Disturbed areas	Thecaphora smallanthi	Piepenbring 1996, 2003
Tithonia rotundifolia	Asteraceae	Annual herb	Disturbed areas	Entyloma compositarum	Piepenbring 1996, 2003
Trachypogon secundus	Poaceae	Perennial grass	Open areas, deciduous forest	Tolypoporella puccinioides	Durán 1987;
Root smut
Juncus tenuis	Juncaceae	Perennial rush	Disturbed areas, shorelines	Entorrhiza casparyana	Piepenbring 1996, 2003
Rust
Anadenanthera colubrina var. colubrinae	Fabaceae	Deciduous tree	Cerrado	Ravenelia mineirosensis	Rezende and Dianese 2001; Arantes 2003
Annona cherimola	Annonaceae	Semi-deciduous tree	Deciduous upland forest	Phakospora cherimoliae	Cummins 1941; Popenoe 1974
Annona monticola	Annonaceae	Deciduous shrub	Open areas, Cerrado	Uredo sp.	Dianese et al. 1997; de Mendonça et al. 2004
Annona tomentosa	Annonaceae	Deciduous shrub	Cerrado	Batistopsora crucis-filii	Dianese et al. 1997; de Mendonça et al. 2004
Bauhinia acuruana var. nitida	Fabaceae	Deciduous tree	Cerrado	Uromyces foveolatus	Rezendeand Dianese 2003; Álvares and Scariot, 2004
Bauhinia curvula	Fabaceae	Deciduous shrub	Disturbed areas, Cerrado	Uromycesfloralis	Rezendeand Dianese 2003; de Mendonça et al. 2004
Bauhinia dumosa var. viscidula	Fabaceae	Deciduous shrub	Cerrado	Uromyces goyazensis	Rezendeand Dianese 2003; Paganucii, 2002
Bauhinia forficata	Fabaceae	Semi-deciduous tree	Disturbed areas	Uromyces viegasii	Rezendeand Dianese 2003; Nascimento et al. 1999
Bauhinia heterophylla	Fabaceae	Evergreen shrub	Moist savanna	Scopella bauhiniicola	Cummins 1940
Bauhinia holophylla	Fabaceae	Deciduous shrub	Disturbed areas, Cerrado	Uromyces bauhiniae	Rezendeand Dianese 2003; Rondon et al. 2003
Chamaecrista claussenii var. cyclophylla	Fabaceae	Deciduous shrub	Disturbed areas, Cerrado	Ravenelia cerradensis	Rezende and Dianese 2001;
Chamaecrista decumbens	Fabaceae	Deciduous shrub	Disturbed areas, Cerrado	Ravenelia chapadensis	Rezende and Dianese 2001
Cissus sicyoides	Vitaceae	Deciduous vine	Disturbed areas	Endophyllumcircumscriptum	Buriticá and Hennen 1980; Sánchez 1984
Clethra macrophylla	Clethraceae	Evergreen tree	Cloud forest	Puccinia hiascens	López and García 2001; Stephen et al. 2001
Clibadium arboreum	Asteraceae	Deciduous tree	Semideciduous forest	Endophyllum decoloratum	Buriticá and Hennen 1980
Coffea arabica	Rubiaceae	Evergreen tree	Deciduous forest	Hemileia vastatrix	López and García 2002; Watson and Dallwitz 1992
Cordia ferruginea	Boraginaceae	Deciduous shrub	Disturbed areas, deciduous forest	Alveolaria cordiae	Buriticá and Hennen 1980
Croton ciliatoglandulifer	Euphorbiaceae	Deciduous shrub	Deciduous forest	Baeodromus dominicana	Buriticá and Hennen 1980
Dalbergia miscolobium	Fabaceae	Semi-deciduous tree	Cerrado	Mimema venturae	Dianese et al. 1997; Franco 2002
Duguetia furfuracea	Annonaceae	Deciduous shrub	Disturbed areas, Cerrado	Dietelia duguetiae	Buriticá and Hennen 1980; de Abreu 2002
Enterolobium cyclocarpum	Fabaceae	Semi-deciduous tree	Disturbed areas, humid tropical and pre-montane forests	Ravenelia havanensis	Arthur 1921; Berndt, 2002; Penninton and Sarukhán 1998
Erythroxylon havanense	Erythroxylaceae	Deciduous shrub	Deciduous forest	Bubakia erythroxylonis	Cummins 1940; Domínguez and Ávila-Sakar 2002
Eugenia dysenterica	Myrtaceae	Deciduous tree	Cerrado	Puccinia psidii	Dianese et al. 1997; Arantes 2002
Eupatorium morifolium	Asteraceae	Deciduous shrub	Disturbed areas	Cionothrix basicrassa	Buriticá and Hennen 1980
Eupatorium odoratum	Asteraceae	Deciduous shrub	Disturbed areas	Cionothrix praelonga	Buriticá and Hennen 1980
Galactia peduncularis	Fabaceae	Perennial herb	Disturbed areas , Cerrado	Uromyces galactiae	Rezende and Dianese 2003
Heliocarpus donnellsmithii	Tiliaceae	Deciduous tree	Disturbed areas, Cloud forest	Pucciniosira pallidula	López and García 2002; Pennington and Sarukhán 1998
Hymenaea stigonocarpa	Fabaceae	Deciduous tree	Cerrado	Crossopsora hymenaeae	Dianese et al. 1997
Hyptis spicata	Lamiaceae	Perennial herb	Disturbed areas	Puccinia amphiospora	Cummins 1937
Jatropha canescens	Euphorbiaceae	Semi-deciduous tree	Deciduous Forest	Phakopsora jatrophicola	Cummins 1937
Lantana camara	Verbenaceae	Evergreen shrub	Disturbed areas , evergreen rainforest	Prospodium tuberculatum	Day et al. 2003; Weber, 2003
Lonchocarpus nicou	Fabaceae	Evergreen shrub	Evergreen rain forest	Dicheirinia guianensis	Cummins 1937
Lucuma caimito	Sapotaceae	Evergreen tree	Evergreen rain forest	Scopella bauhiniicola	Cummins 1940; Popenoe 1974
Malva neglecta	Malvaceae	Annual / biennial herb	Disturbed areas, Deciduous forest	Puccinia malvacearum	López and García 2002; Uva et al. 1997
Mikania cordifolia	Asteraceae	Annual climbing herb	Disturbed areas	Dietelia portoricencis	Buriticá and Hennen 1980
Mimosa ceratonia	Fabaceae	Evergreen shrub	Disturbed areas Evergreen rain forest	Lipocystis caesalpiniae	Cummins 1937
Nectandra rigida	Lauraceae	Evergreen tree	Evergreen rain forest	Dicheirinia solenioides	Cummins 1940
Oxalis corniculata	Poaceae	Annual herb	Disturbed areas , Cloud forest	Puccinia oxalidis	López and García 2002; Espinosa-García and Sarukhán 1997
Parthenium hysterophorus	Asteraceae	Annual herb	Cloud forest	Puccinia abrupta var. Partheniicola	López and García 2001
Pelargonium hortorum	Geraniaceae	Evergreen shrub	Disturbed areas Cloud forest	Puccinia pelargonii-zonalis	López and García 2002
Piper hispidum	Piperaceae	Evergreen shrub	Evergreen rain forest edges	Uredo piperinum	Berndt, 2002
Pithecellobium longifolium	Fabaceae	Evergreen tree	Riverbank, Evergreen rain forest	Uraecium guanacastensis	Berndt, 2002; Holdridge and Poveda, 1975
Prunus persica	Rosaceae	Deciduous tree	Cloud forest	Tranzchelia discolor	López and García 2002
Pteridium aquilinum	Dennstaedtiaceae	Fern	Cloud forest	Urediniopsis pteridis	López and García 2002
Roupala veraguensis	Proteaceae	Evergreen tree	Disturbed areas, Cerrado	Uredo roupalae	Cummins 1937; Franco, 2002
Smilax spinosa	Smilacaceae	Deciduous vine	Disturbed areas	Puccinia poikilospora	Cummins 1940
Stachytarpheta cayennensis	Verbenaceae	Perennial herb	Disturbed areas	Endophyllum stachytarphetae	Buriticá and Hennen 1980
Stryphnodendron coriaceum	Fabaceae	Evergreen tree	Disturbed areas Evergreen rainforest	Uredo stryphnodendri	Berndt, 2002
Tabebuia ochracea	Bignoniaceae	Deciduous tree	Cerrado	Prosopodium tecomicola	Dianese et al. 1997
Tabebuia rufescens	Bignoniaceae	Deciduous tree	Cerrado	Prosopodium palmatum	Dianese et al. 1997; Stephen et al. 2001
Tabebuia serratifolia	Bignoniaceae	Deciduous tree	Cerrado	Prosopodium tecomicola	Dianese et al. 1997; Arantes 2002
Tabebuia stans	Bignoniaceae	Semi deciduous tree	Disturbed areas, Cerrado	Prosopodium appendiculatum	Dianese et al. 1997
Tocoyena guianensis	Rubiaceae	Evergreen tree	Evergreen rain forest	Phakopsora melaena	Berndt, 2002; Belbenoit et al. 2001
Trifolium sp .	Fabaceae	Perennial herb	Cloud forest	Uromyces trifolli-repentis	López and García 2002
Triumfetta dumetorum	Tiliaceae	Deciduous shrub	Disturbed areas	Pucciniosira pallidula	Buriticá and Hennen 1980
Vernonia canescens	Asteraceae	Evergreen shrub	Evergreen rain forest	Puccinia arthuriana	León-Gallegos and Cummins 1979
Vernonia ctenophora	Asteraceae	Perennial herb	Evergreen rain forest	Puccinia arthuriana var. tabascana	León-Gallegos and Cummins 1979
Vernonia tortuosa	Asteraceae	Perennial herb	Cloud forest	Puccinia erratica	López and García 2001
Xanthium occidentale	Asteraceae	Annual herb	Shorelines	Puccinia xanthii	Cummins 1937

(B) Studies involving plant pathogens in Neotropical forests
Host plant species	Plant Family	Plant life form	Plant distribution	Reference
Canker
Nectandra ambigens	Lauraceae	Evergreen tree	Tropical rain forest	G. García-Guzmán (unpublished data)
Nectandra sp.	Lauraceae	Evergreen tree	Semi-deciduous lowland tropical forest	Gilbert et al. 1994
Ocotea whitei	Lauraceae	Evergreen tree	Semi-deciduous lowland tropical forest	Gilbert et al. 1994, 2001
Phoebe cinnamomifolia	Lauraceae	Evergreen tree	Semi-deciduous lowland tropical forest	Gilbert et al. 1994
Tetragastris panamensis	Burseraceae	Evergreen tree	Semi-deciduous lowland tropical forest	Gilbert and De Steven 1996
Damping-off
Anacardium excelsum	Anacardiaceae	Deciduous tree	Semi-deciduous lowland tropical forest	Davidson et al. 2000
Aspidosperma cruenta	Apocynaceae	Deciduous tree	Semi-deciduous tropical forest	Augspurger 1984
Cavanillesia platanifolia	Bombacaceae	Deciduous tree	Semi-deciduous lowland tropical forest	Augspurger 1984
Ceiba pentandra	Bombacaceae	Semi-deciduous tree	Semi-deciduous lowland tropical forest	Augspurger 1984
Dipterix panamensis	Fabaceae	Deciduous tree	Evergreen tropical rain forest	Clark and Clark 1984
Lonchocarpus pentaphyllus	Fabaceae	Deciduous tree	Semi-deciduous lowland tropical forest	Augspurger 1984
Platypodium elegance	Fabaceae	Deciduous tree	Semi-deciduous lowland tropical forest	Augspurger 1983,1984
Tabebuia rosea	Bignoniaceae	Deciduous tree	Semi-deciduous lowland tropical forest	Augspurger 1984
Tachigalia versicolor	Fabaceae	Deciduous tree	Semi-deciduous lowland tropical forest	Kitajima and Augspurger 1989
Terminalia oblonga	Combretaceae	Deciduous tree	Semi-deciduous lowland tropical forest	Augspurger 1984
Tetragastris panamensis	Burseraceae	Evergreen tree	Semi-deciduous lowland tropical forest	Davidson et al. 2000
Triplaris cumingiana	Polygonaceae	Deciduous tree	Semi-deciduous lowland tropical forest	Augspurger 1984
Flower Disease
Moussonia deppeana	Gesneriaceae	Evergreen shrub	Cloud forest remnant	Lara and Ornelas 2003
Leaf Disease
Alseis blackiana	Rubiaceae	Deciduous tree	Semi-deciduous lowland tropical forest	Barone 1998
Anacardium excelsum	Anacardiaceae	Deciduous tree	Deciduous tropical forest	Gilbert 1995
Annona spraguei	Annonaceae	Semi-deciduous tree	Deciduous tropical forest	Gilbert 1995
Antirrhoea trichantha	Rubiaceae	Deciduous tree	Deciduous tropical forest	Gilbert 1995
Aspidosperma tomentosum	Apocynaceae	Deciduous tree	Cerrado	Marquis et al. 2001
Avicennia germinans	Verbenaceae	Evergreen tree	Caribbean mangrove forest	Gilbert et al. 2002
Banisteriopsis campestris	Malpighiaceae	Deciduous vine	Cerrado	Marquis et al. 2001
Barjonia erecta	Asclepiadaceae	Evergreen shrub	Cerrado	Marquis et al. 2001
Borreira sp.	Rubiaceae	Evergreen shrub	Cerrado	Marquis et al. 2001
Byrsonima coccolobifolia	Malpighiaceae	Deciduous tree	Cerrado	Marquis et al. 2001
Byrsonima crassa	Malpighiaceae	Semi-deciduous tree	Cerrado	Marquis et al. 2001
Byrsonima verbascifolia	Malpighiaceae	Semi-deciduous tree	Cerrado	Marquis et al. 2001
Castilla elastica	Moraceae	Deciduous tree	Deciduous tropical forest	Gilbert 1995
Chomelia ribesioides	Rubiaceae	Deciduous shrub	Cerrado	Marquis et al. 2001
Chrysophyllum pomiferum	Sapotaceae	Evergreen tree	Evergreen rain forest	Benítez-Malvido et al. 1999
Corton goyazensis	Euphorbiaceae	Evergreen shrub	Cerrado	Marquis et al. 2001
Dalechampia caperonioides	Euphorbiaceae	Perennial herb	Cerrado	Marquis et al. 2001
Erythroxylum campestre	Erythroxylaceae	Evergreen shrub	Cerrado	Marquis et al. 2001
Erythroxylum deciduum	Erythroxylaceae	Deciduous shrub	Cerrado	Marquis et al. 2001
Erythroxylum suberosum	Erythroxylaceae	Semi-deciduous tree	Cerrado	Marquis et al. 2001
Erythroxylum tortuosum	Erythroxylaceae	Deciduous tree	Cerrado	Marquis et al. 2001
Hirtella americana	Chrysobalanaceae	Evergreen tree	Semi-deciduous lowland tropical forest	Barone 1998
Hirtella triandra	Chrysobalanaceae	Evergreen tree	Semi-deciduous lowland tropical forest	Barone 1998
Hyptis saxatilis	Lamiaceae	Evergreen shrub	Cerrado	Marquis et al. 2001
Kielmeyera coriacea	Clusiaceae	Deciduous tree	Cerrado	Marquis et al. 2001
Kielmeyera variabilis	Clusiaceae	Deciduous shrub	Cerrado	Marquis et al. 2001
Laguncularia racemosa	Combretaceae	Evergreen tree	Caribbean mangrove forest	Gilbert and Mejía-Chang 2001
Luehea seemannii	Tiliaceae	Deciduous tree	Deciduous tropical forest	Gilbert 1995
Manihot sp.	Euphorbiaceae	Deciduous shrub	Cerrado	Marquis et al. 2001
Maprounea guianensis	Euphorbiaceae	Deciduous shrub	Cerrado	Marquis et al. 2001
Micropholis venulosa	Sapotaceae	Evergreen tree	Evergreen rain forest	Benítez-Malvido et al. 1999
Palicourea rigida	Rubiaceae	Semi-deciduous tree	Cerrado	Marquis et al. 2001
Pavonia rosa-campestris	Malvaceae	Evergreen shrub	Cerrado	Marquis et al. 2001
Peixotoa goyana	Malpighiaceae	Deciduous shrub	Cerrado	Marquis et al. 2001
Pouteria caimito	Sapotaceae	Evergreen tree	Evergreen rain forest	Benítez-Malvido et al. 1999
Prioria copaifera	Fabaceae	Evergreen tree	Semi-deciduous lowland tropical forest	Barone 1998
Protium panamense	Burseraceae	Evergreen tree	Semi-deciduous lowland tropical forest	Barone 1998
Protium tenuifolium	Burseraceae	Evergreen tree	Semi-deciduous lowland tropical forest	Barone 1998
Qualea grandiflora	Vochysiaceae	Deciduous tree	Cerrado	Marquis et al. 2001
Qualea paviflora	Vochysiaceae	Deciduous tree	Cerrado	Marquis et al. 2001
Quararibea asterolepis	Bombacaceae	Evergreen tree	Semi-deciduous lowland tropical forest	Barone 1998
Rhizophora mangle	Rhizophoraceae	Evergreen tree	Caribbean mangrove forest	Gilbert et al. 2002
Sabiceae brasiliensis	Rubiaceae	Evergreen shrub	Cerrado	Marquis et al. 2001
Tachigalia versicolor	Fabaceae	Deciduous tree	Semi-deciduous lowland tropical forest	Barone 1998
Tetragastris panamensis	Burseraceae	Deciduous tree	Semi-deciduous lowland tropical forest	Barone 1998

LITERATURE CITED

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