Ecological Archives E088-046-A1

Jason T. Hoverman and Rick A. Relyea. 2007. How flexible is phenotypic plasticity? Developmental windows for trait induction and reversal. Ecology 88:693–705.

Appendix A. Results (P values) from analysis of the effects of predator colonization at four times on snail traits. For each colonization treatment, snail phenotypes were compared to the phenotypes expressed in both constant treatments within each week after colonization.

 

Trait

 

Time of colonization

 

Constant treatment comparison

Time of comparison

 Wk 2

Wk 3

Wk 4

Wk 5

Use of structure

Wk 1

No predator

0.932

0.553

0.970

0.716

 

 

Predator

0.352

0.955

0.424

0.844

 

Wk 2

No predator

 

0.299

0.547

0.757

 

 

Predator

 

0.094

0.873

0.801

 

Wk 3

No predator

 

 

0.591

0.836

 

 

Predator

 

 

0.196

0.724

 

Wk 4

No predator

 

 

 

0.395

 

 

Predator

 

 

 

0.770

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Mass

Wk 1

No predator

0.134

0.025

0.039

0.469

 

 

Predator

0.352

0.907

0.318

0.448

 

Wk 2

No predator

 

0.098

0.065

0.142

 

 

Predator

 

0.611

0.442

0.998

 

Wk 3

No predator

 

 

0.214

0.822

 

 

Predator

 

 

0.022

0.092

 

Wk 4

No predator

 

 

 

0.106

 

 

Predator

 

 

 

0.003

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

PC-1

Wk 1

No predator

0.002

0.001

0.001

0.005

 

 

Predator

0.393

0.995

0.991

0.385

 

Wk 2

No predator

 

0.015

0.001

0.002

 

 

Predator

 

0.305

0.087

0.207

 

Wk 3

No predator

 

 

0.183

0.002

 

 

Predator

 

 

0.009

0.232

 

Wk 4

No predator

 

 

 

0.696

 

 

Predator

 

 

 

0.108

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Shell thickness

Wk 1

No predator

0.010

0.737

0.750

0.283

 

 

Predator

0.310

0.774

0.435

0.503

 

Wk 2

No predator

 

0.001

0.001

0.035

 

 

Predator

 

0.001

0.001

0.084

 

Wk 3

No predator

 

 

0.001

0.001

 

 

Predator

 

 

0.001

0.001

 

Wk 4

No predator

 

 

 

0.001

 

 

Predator

 

 

 

0.003



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