Ecological Archives E088-064-A1

Dawn Vaughn. 2007. Predator-induced morphological defenses in marine zooplankton: a larval case study. Ecology 88:1030–1039.

Appendix A. Tables presenting differences in larval shell form of experimental veligers.

TABLE A1. Experiment A. Mean (SE) values for each measured morphological trait of veligers reared in (1) direct contact with Cancer spp. zoeas (Direct Contact); (2) in FSW containing predator kairomones and stimuli from injured cohort veligers (Crushed Cohort); and (3) in FSW (Control A). n = 10 for Control A and Crushed Cohort treatment. n = 10 (but with pseudoreplication from periodic repooling) for Direct Contact treatment.
MORPHOLOGICAL TRAIT DIRECT CONTACT CRUSHED COHORT CONTROL A
       
Shell length (µm) 311.05 (2.23) 315.42 (1.95) 338.04 (2.38)
Shell height (µm) 262.03 (2.25) 265.42 (1.78) 266.10 (2.78)
Aspect ratio (SL/SH) 1.19 (0.0001) 1.19 (0.005) 1.27 (0.006)
Aperture area (µm2) 15,293 (138.65) 23,741 (74.38) 24,868 (150.29)
Normalized aperture area (aperture area/SL*SH) 0.2074 (0.002) 0.2706 (0.0009) 0.2740 (0.002)
       
Kruskal-Wallis single-factor analysis of variance by ranks and Tukey-Kramer type post hoc test comparing the mean rank of morphological traits of veligers in the Direct Contact (DC) and Crushed Cohort (CC) treatments and Control A. df = 2.
       
Kruskal-Wallis test
     
Shell length P < 0.001    
Shell height not significant    
Aspect ratio (SL/SH) P < 0.001    
Aperture area P < 0.001    
       
Tukey-Kramer post-hoc test
Treatments
Shell length
Shell height
Aspect ratio
Aperture area
Control vs. direct contact
P < 0.001
no
P < 0.001
P < 0.001
Control vs. crushed cohort
P < 0.001
no
P < 0.001
no
Crushed cohort vs. direct contact
P0.02
no
no
P < 0.001

 

TABLE A2. Experiment B. Mean (SE) values for each measured morphological trait of veligers reared with caged zoea predators (caged predator) and with empty predator cages (control B). n = 5 for each treatment.
MORPHOLOGICAL TRAIT CAGED PREDATOR CONTROL B
Shell length (µm) 316.28 (1.896) 324.65 (2.004)
Shell height (µm) 281.88 (1.692) 279.05 (1.608)
Aspect ratio (SL/SH) 1.12 (0.32) 1.16 (0.41)
Aperture area (µm2) 19,075 (288.02) 21,151 (409.41)
Normalized aperture area (aperture area/SL*SH) 0.2135 (0.0017) 0.2334 (0.0023)
 
Student t-test comparing mean morphological traits of veligers in the Caged Predator treatment and Control B. df = 8.
Student t-test    
Shell length P0.05  
Shell height not significant  
Aspect ratio (SL/SH) P < 0.001  
Aperure area P0.03  

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