Steven P. Campbell, Jack W. Witham, and Malcolm L. Hunter, Jr. 2010. Stochasticity as an alternative to deterministic explanations for patterns of habitat use in birds. Ecological Monographs 80:287–302.

Appendix D (TABLE D1). Model averaged parameter estimates of vegetation variables and their associated unconditional standard errors (SE) and relative variable importance (RVI) for habitat models of 20 bird species breeding at the Holt Research Forest, 1983–1987.

Bird Species	Variable†	Estimate	SE	RVI	No. Models
Hairy Woodpecker	intercept	-3.40	1.519	1.00	4
	avg_cov_wp_5	-0.01	0.012	0.21	1
	ba_wp	-0.03	0.024	0.20	1
	ba_dec	0.06	0.051	0.27	1
	tot_ts_spp	0.03	0.020	0.32	1
Eastern Wood-Pewee	intercept	-4.30	0.627	1.00	7
	avg_cov_dec_5	-0.02	0.013	0.37	3
	avg_cov_oak_5	-0.01	0.008	0.11	1
	avg_cov_tot_4	-0.09	0.023	1.00	7
	avg_cov_wp_3	0.33	0.256	0.36	3
	avg_cov_wp_5	0.15	0.032	1.00	7
	ba_bf	-0.27	0.257	0.17	1
	ba_rm	-0.06	0.059	0.10	1
	ba_dec	0.68	0.223	1.00	7
	ba_oak	0.59	0.156	0.90	6
Black-capped Chickadee	intercept	-1.22	1.015	1.00	2
	ba_oak	0.28	0.078	1.00	2
	tot_ts_spp	0.03	0.016	0.56	1
Brown Creeper	intercept	-1.15	0.410	1.00	1
	avg_cov_wp_4	-0.21	0.053	1.00	1
	ba_hem	-0.37	0.091	1.00	1
	ba_all	0.15	0.045	1.00	1
Red-breasted Nuthatch	intercept	-1.04	0.470	1.00	4
	avg_cov_oak_3	0.33	0.300	0.21	1
	ba_bf	0.87	0.431	0.58	2
	ba_rs	0.38	0.148	0.83	3
	ba_wp	0.12	0.056	0.58	2
	ba_oak	-0.17	0.113	0.42	2
	ba_all	0.10	0.063	0.42	2
	tree_density	-0.01	0.002	1.00	4
Golden-crowned Kinglet	intercept	-0.84	0.645	1.00	2
	avg_cov_dec_3	0.36	0.281	0.33	1
	ba_rs	1.17	0.125	1.00	2
	tot_h_spp	-0.02	0.005	1.00	2
Veery	intercept	-3.89	0.758	1.00	3
	avg_cov_bf_4	0.25	0.144	0.55	2
	avg_cov_brch_4	0.24	0.066	1.00	3
	avg_cov_con_5	-0.02	0.013	0.17	1
	avg_cov_dec_3	-0.87	0.512	0.45	1
	avg_cov_tot_3	0.05	0.032	0.45	1
	ba_wp	-0.07	0.056	0.17	1
	ba_dec	0.20	0.127	0.37	1
	ba_oak	0.28	0.157	0.45	1
	ba_all	0.09	0.074	0.17	1
	tot_h_spp	0.01	0.005	0.45	1
Hermit Thrush	intercept	-0.72	0.175	1.00	2
	avg_cov_oak_4	0.19	0.050	1.00	2
	avg_cov_tot_3	0.02	0.016	0.33	1
	ba_bf	-1.28	0.444	1.00	2
Nashville Warbler	intercept	3.91	0.792	1.00	4
	avg_cov_dec_5	-0.03	0.012	0.84	3
	avg_cov_tot_3	-0.11	0.053	0.78	3
	avg_cov_wp_4	0.02	0.017	0.16	1
	ba_all	-0.39	0.059	1.00	4
	tot_h_spp	-0.01	0.004	0.74	3
Yellow-rumped Warbler	intercept	0.03	0.446	1.00	3
	avg_cov_rm_5	0.07	0.021	1.00	3
	avg_cov_wp_3	0.66	0.216	1.00	3
	ba_wp	0.03	0.027	0.26	1
	ba_dec	-0.60	0.100	1.00	3
	ba_all	0.12	0.049	0.74	2
	tree_density	0.00	0.001	0.23	1
Black-and-white Warbler	intercept	0.97	0.465	1.00	3
	avg_cov_dec_5	-0.02	0.009	0.74	2
	avg_cov_oak_3	-0.86	0.649	0.37	1
	ba_rs	-0.40	0.112	1.00	3
	ba_wp	-0.22	0.047	1.00	3
Blackburnian Warbler	intercept	-1.29	0.903	1.00	1
	avg_cov_tot_3	0.09	0.031	1.00	1
	avg_cov_wp_5	0.10	0.020	1.00	1
	ba_rm	0.44	0.130	1.00	1
	ba_rs	1.60	0.162	1.00	1
	tree_density	-0.01	0.002	1.00	1
	tot_h_spp	-0.03	0.005	1.00	1
	tot_ts_spp	0.09	0.024	1.00	1
Black-throated Green Warbler	intercept	1.12	0.289	1.00	1
	avg_cov_dec_5	0.09	0.021	1.00	1
	ba_hem	2.97	0.592	1.00	1
	ba_brch	-1.28	0.386	1.00	1
	ba_dec	-0.56	0.104	1.00	1
Pine Warbler	intercept	-5.22	1.079	1.00	4
	avg_cov_brch_4	-0.29	0.195	0.42	2
	avg_cov_rm_5	0.19	0.057	1.00	4
	ba_hem	0.44	0.261	0.47	2
	ba_wp	0.28	0.153	0.47	2
	ba_brch	-1.94	1.047	0.58	2
	ba_all	0.39	0.192	0.53	2
	tree_density	-0.02	0.005	1.00	4
Canada Warbler	intercept	-6.18	1.053	1.00	7
	avg_cov_brch_4	0.02	0.020	0.09	1
	avg_cov_dec_3	-0.63	0.477	0.32	2
	avg_cov_oak_3	-0.46	0.451	0.10	1
	avg_cov_tot_3	0.10	0.045	0.72	5
	avg_cov_wp_5	-0.02	0.016	0.18	1
	ba_bf	-1.03	0.716	0.42	3
	ba_rm	0.72	0.180	1.00	7
	ba_dec	0.04	0.038	0.10	1
	tot_h_spp	0.02	0.008	0.90	6
Ovenbird	intercept	0.35	0.398	1.00	2
	avg_cov_oak_4	-0.06	0.043	0.37	1
	avg_cov_rm_5	0.13	0.029	1.00	2
	avg_cov_tot_3	0.70	0.210	1.00	2
	avg_cov_wp_4	-0.14	0.048	1.00	2
Common Yellowthroat	intercept	4.75	0.710	1.00	2
	avg_cov_dec_3	0.33	0.262	0.33	1
	avg_cov_dec_5	-0.07	0.017	1.00	2
	avg_cov_tot_4	0.12	0.030	1.00	2
	ba_bf	-2.07	0.692	1.00	2
	ba_wp	0.44	0.084	1.00	2
	ba_all	-0.93	0.105	1.00	2
Scarlet Tanager	intercept	-1.05	0.732	1.00	12
	avg_cov_bf_4	-0.49	0.181	0.94	11
	avg_cov_brch_4	0.11	0.055	0.65	7
	avg_cov_dec_4	0.01	0.007	0.06	1
	avg_cov_oak_3	0.43	0.361	0.25	3
	avg_cov_tot_4	-0.01	0.006	0.11	2
	avg_cov_wp_3	0.75	0.272	1.00	12
	avg_cov_wp_4	-0.04	0.036	0.27	3
	ba_brch	1.32	0.290	1.00	12
	tree_density	0.00	0.002	0.61	7
White-throated Sparrow	intercept	3.07	1.228	1.00	6
	avg_cov_con_5	-0.02	0.017	0.21	1
	avg_cov_tot_4	0.02	0.014	0.21	1
	ba_bf	-1.86	0.612	1.00	6
	ba_rs	-0.19	0.121	0.47	3
	ba_wp	-0.04	0.032	0.16	1
	ba_dec	-0.59	0.148	1.00	6
	ba_all	-0.16	0.068	0.63	4
	tot_ts_spp	-0.02	0.015	0.28	2
Purple Finch	intercept	-1.98	0.203	1.00	3
	avg_cov_oak_3	-0.81	0.663	0.26	1
	avg_cov_rs_4	0.04	0.030	0.20	1
	avg_cov_wp_5	0.02	0.015	0.26	1
	ba_rs	0.28	0.103	0.80	2

Notes: The number of models in which each variable occurred was not equal, so the relative importance of a variable reflects both the posterior model probabilities (i.e., weights) and the number of models in which it occurs. We included the number of models in which each variable occurs to aid in the interpretation of the relative variable importance.

† See Table 1 for variable descriptions.