Jean-Michel Gaillard and Nigel Gilles Yoccoz. 2003. Temporal variation in survival of mammals: a case of environmental canalization? Ecology 84:3294–3306.

Appendices

Appendix A: An example showing application of the Leslie-Usher matrix model to ungulate populations.
Ecological Archives E084-089-A1.

Appendix B: A table showing the variance of juvenile (Vj) and adult (Va) survival and variance ratio from studies providing exact measures of sampling variance of individual point estimates.
Ecological Archives E084-089-A2.

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